Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Propensity Score-Matched Patient Cohorts in Four Comparison Pairs
| Variables | Use (n=870) | No-Use (n=870) | p-value | NOAC (n=601) | No-Use (n=601) | p-value | Warfarin (n=298) | No-Use (n=298) | p-value | NOAC (n=298) | Warfarin (n=298) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean±SD | 72.4±8.7 | 70.3±10.7 | 73.5±7.9 | 71.4±10.1 | 70.5±9.4 | 70.2±11.3 | 72.9±8.1 | 70.5±9.4 | ||||
| 20 to <40, no. (%) | 2 (0.2) | 8 (0.9) | 0.09 | 1 (0.2) | 4 (0.7) | 0.28 | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.0) | 0.04 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.03 |
| 40 to <80, no. (%) | 527 (60.6) | 545 (62.6) | 341 (56.7) | 354 (58.9) | 204 (68.5) | 176 (59.1) | 176 (59.1) | 204 (68.5) | ||||
| ≥80, no. (%) | 341 (39.2) | 317 (36.4) | 259 (43.1) | 243 (40.4) | 93 (31.2) | 119 (39.9) | 122 (40.9) | 93 (31.2) | ||||
| Female sex, no. (%) | 354 (40.7) | 350 (40.2) | 0.85 | 241 (40.1) | 233 (38.8) | 0.64 | 118 (39.6) | 141 (47.3) | 0.06 | 128 (43.0) | 118 (39.6) | 0.41 |
| Cancer site, no. (%) | ||||||||||||
| Thyroid | 92 (10.6) | 85 (9.8) | 0.27 | 67 (11.1) | 47 (7.8) | 0.05 | 28 (9.4) | 38 (12.8) | 0.07 | 28 (9.4) | 28 (9.4) | 0.30 |
| Breast | 44 (5.1) | 41 (4.7) | 28 (4.7) | 24 (4.0) | 20 (6.7) | 8 (2.7) | 16 (5.4) | 20 (6.7) | ||||
| Stomach | 97 (11.1) | 118 (13.6) | 74 (12.3) | 85 (14.1) | 29 (9.7) | 45 (15.1) | 36 (12.1) | 29 (9.7) | ||||
| Prostate | 118 (13.6) | 104 (12.0) | 80 (13.3) | 58 (9.7) | 41 (13.8) | 28 (9.4) | 38 (12.8) | 41 (13.8) | ||||
| Colon | 97 (11.1) | 98 (11.3) | 68 (11.3) | 69 (11.5) | 32 (10.7) | 25 (8.4) | 35 (11.7) | 32 (10.7) | ||||
| Liver | 68 (7.8) | 95 (10.9) | 39 (6.5) | 66 (11.0) | 29 (9.7) | 25 (8.4) | 19 (6.4) | 29 (9.7) | ||||
| Lung | 128 (14.7) | 119 (13.7) | 95 (15.8) | 98 (16.3) | 37 (12.4) | 45 (15.1) | 55 (18.5) | 37 (12.4) | ||||
| Rectum | 41 (4.7) | 38 (4.4) | 33 (5.5) | 27 (4.5) | 9 (3.0) | 15 (5.0) | 19 (6.4) | 9 (3.0) | ||||
| Metastasis | 134 (15.4) | 162 (18.6) | 0.07 | 100 (16.6) | 125 (20.8) | 0.06 | 41 (13.8) | 49 (16.4) | 0.36 | 56 (18.8) | 41 (13.8) | 0.10 |
| Khorana score, mean±SD | 1.6±1.1 | 1.6±1.1 | 1.6±1.2 | 1.6±1.1 | 1.5±1.1 | 1.5±1.1 | 1.6±1.2 | 1.5±1.1 | ||||
| 0, no. (%) | 149 (17.1) | 160 (18.4) | 0.49 | 94 (15.6) | 94 (15.6) | 1.00 | 61 (20.5) | 58 (19.5) | 0.76 | 44 (14.8) | 61 (20.5) | 0.07 |
| ≥1, no. (%) | 721 (82.9) | 710 (81.6) | 507 (84.4) | 507 (84.4) | 237 (79.5) | 240 (80.5) | 254 (85.2) | 237 (79.5) | ||||
| CCI, mean±SD | 5.4±2.4 | 5.3±2.5 | 5.6±2.4 | 5.5±2.6 | 5.2±2.4 | 5.1±2.5 | 5.6±2.4 | 5.2±2.4 | ||||
| ≤3, no. (%) | 197 (22.6) | 226 (26.0) | 0.27 | 115 (19.1) | 135 (22.5) | 0.36 | 84 (28.2) | 86 (28.9) | 0.76 | 59 (19.8) | 84 (28.2) | 0.06 |
| 4, no. (%) | 164 (18.9) | 157 (18.0) | 116 (19.3) | 110 (18.3) | 52 (17.4) | 58 (19.5) | 60 (20.1) | 52 (17.4) | ||||
| ≥5, no. (%) | 509 (58.5) | 487 (56.0) | 370 (61.6) | 356 (59.2) | 162 (54.4) | 154 (51.7) | 179 (60.1) | 162 (54.4) | ||||
| Comorbidity, no. (%) | ||||||||||||
| Renal disease | 105 (12.1) | 87 (10.0) | 0.17 | 64 (10.6) | 65 (10.8) | 0.93 | 46 (15.4) | 31 (10.4) | 0.07 | 22 (7.4) | 46 (15.4) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes without complications | 382 (43.9) | 344 (39.5) | 0.06 | 275 (45.8) | 248 (41.3) | 0.12 | 122 (40.9) | 104 (34.9) | 0.13 | 135 (45.3) | 122 (40.9) | 0.28 |
| Diabetes with complications | 98 (11.3) | 87 (10.0) | 0.39 | 73 (12.1) | 53 (8.8) | 0.06 | 28 (9.4) | 27 (9.1) | 0.89 | 35 (11.7) | 28 (9.4) | 0.35 |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | 6 (0.7) | 5 (0.6) | 0.76 | 4 (0.7) | 4 (0.7) | 1.00 | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 1.00 | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.3) | 0.32 |
| Ischemic stroke | 123 (14.1) | 82 (9.4) | 0.002 | 108 (18.0) | 54 (9.0) | <0.001 | 40 (13.4) | 38 (12.8) | 0.81 | 51 (17.1) | 40 (13.4) | 0.21 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 579 (66.6) | 561 (64.5) | 0.36 | 443 (73.7) | 422 (70.2) | 0.18 | 156 (52.3) | 155 (52.0) | 0.93 | 201 (67.4) | 156 (52.3) | <0.001 |
| High-risk chemotherapy, no. (%) | 86 (9.9) | 78 (9.0) | 0.51 | 73 (12.1) | 66 (11.0) | 0.53 | 24 (8.1) | 21 (7.0) | 0.64 | 42 (14.1) | 24 (8.1) | 0.02 |
| Concomitant medication, no. (%) | ||||||||||||
| Antiplatelet | 28 (3.2) | 122 (14.0) | <0.001 | 15 (2.5) | 67 (11.1) | <0.001 | 14 (4.7) | 39 (13.1) | <0.001 | 9 (3.0) | 14 (4.7) | 0.29 |
| NSAID | 67 (7.7) | 193 (22.2) | <0.001 | 38 (6.3) | 50 (8.3) | 0.18 | 30 (10.1) | 30 (10.1) | 1.00 | 22 (7.4) | 30 (10.1) | 0.25 |
| Corticosteroid | 32 (3.7) | 93 (10.7) | <0.001 | 16 (2.7) | 60 (10.0) | <0.001 | 16 (5.4) | 23 (7.7) | 0.25 | 4 (1.3) | 16 (5.4) | 0.006 |
| Parenteral anticoagulant | 25 (2.9) | 24 (2.8) | 0.88 | 15 (2.5) | 19 (3.2) | 0.49 | 12 (4.0) | 8 (2.7) | 0.36 | 5 (1.7) | 12 (4.0) | 0.09 |
| Previous venous thromboembolism, no. (%) | 178 (20.5) | 181 (20.8) | 0.86 | 132 (22.0) | 153 (25.5) | 0.15 | 50 (16.8) | 51 (17.1) | 0.91 | 86 (28.9) | 50 (16.8) | <0.001 |
Notes: p-values were calculated with Chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test) for categorical variables. Statistically significant p-values are highlighted in bold.
Abbreviations: NOAC, novel oral anticoagulant; SD, standard deviation; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.