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. 2021 May 12;11:10134. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89631-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of genes involved in metabolism of sphingosine and p53 in large intestines of the patients. Relative expression levels of sphingosine-kinase-1 (SPHK1) (a,d), sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) (b,e) and p53 (c,f) mRNA in ascending (a–c) and sigmoid colons (d–f) of controls (n = 10), PSC (n = 10), PSC + UC (n = 10), and UC (n = 10). The expression of all genes are normalized to an endogenous reference 18S rRNA and presented as a relative fold change to controls according to the comparative Ct method (2^−ΔΔCt). Dots illustrate each patient and lines the mean plus interquartile range (IQR). Statistics: one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s PLSD test within the groups; *indicates p-value < 0.05, ** p-value p < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001 .