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. 2021 May 12;21:141. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03310-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Echinaforce® induced gene expression activates innate immunity pathways a Volcano plot showing the upregulated genes (orange color, number of probes: 205), and downregulated genes (blue color, number of probes: 124) upon treatment of THP1 cells for 48 h with Echinaforce® tincture (1%). b Top enriched IPA canonical pathways. Bars are colored by activation z-score. c IPA interferon signaling pathway with Echinaforce®-induced upregulated genes colored in red and green, respectively. d Top enriched IPA infectious diseases and IPA immune trafficking disease and biological function. Bar charts are colored by activation z-score