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. 2021 May 12;21:141. doi: 10.1186/s12906-021-03310-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Activation of JAK1 and MAPK kinases by Echinaforce®. a Kinome activity profiling on THP1 cell lysates, following 15 min treatment with Echinaforce® tincture (1%). Showing predicted upstream kinases. Bars are colored by specificity score with red meaning the highest score. The direction of the bars represents the normalized kinase statistics. A positive kinase statistic means a higher activity in Echinaforce® treated samples. b TEC signaling pathway as predicted by IPA software showing the up- and down-regulated genes (colored in red and green, respectively), after Echinaforce® treatment. Numbers under genes names represent (from up to down): the log fold changes, p-values and adjusted p-values after a paired t-test comparing gene expression in cells stimulated with Echinaforce® and solvent (control). c) IPA-enriched P38 MAPK and JNK pathways upstream regulators. Genes colored in orange are predicted to be activated, while genes colored in blue are predicted to be inhibited. Numbers under gene names represent (from up to down): the log fold changes, p-values and adjusted p-values after a paired t-test comparing gene expression in cells stimulated with Echinaforce® and solvent (control). d Effect of JAK1 inhibition on transcript expression of interferon pathway related genes. THP1 cells were either treated during 48 h with the JAK1 inhibitor Filgotinib alone or in combination with Echinaforce® (n = 7). Mean expression LogFC change relative to solvent control is represented together with 95% confidence interval. *: P ≤ 0.05, ** P: ≤ 0.01, *** P: ≤ 0.001