Table 1.

Demographics, presenting symptoms, admission laboratory results, and hospitalization course and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with or without Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)

	All COVID‐19 (n = 97)	CDI (n = 5)	No CDI (n = 92)	P‐value
Age (years, ±SD)	62.4 ± 15.3	73.6 ± 14.8	61.8 ± 15.1	0.09
Male (n, %)	58 (59.8%)	4 (80.0%)	54 (58.7%)	0.34
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2, ±SD)	31.8 ± 6.7	30.5 ± 2.8	31.9 ± 6.9	0.66
Presenting symptoms (n, %)
Diarrhea	39 (40.2%)	0 (0%)	39 (42.4%)	0.06
Nausea	28 (28.9%)	1 (20.0%)	27 (29.4%)	0.65
Vomiting	13 (13.4%)	0 (0%)	13 (14.1%)	0.37
Abdominal pain	12 (12.4%)	0 (0%)	12 (13.0%)	0.39
Fever	81 (83.5%)	1 (20.0%)	80 (87.0%)	<0.0001
Dyspnea	65 (67.0%)	2 (40.0%)	63 (68.5%)	0.19
Sore throat	20 (20.6%)	0 (0%)	20 (21.7%)	0.24
Medical comorbidities (n, %)
Coronary artery disease	10 (10.3)	1 (20.0)	9 (9.8)	0.46
Cardiac arrhythmia	15 (15.5)	2 (40.0)	13 (14.1)	0.12
Hypertension	50 (51.6)	4 (80.0)	46 (50.0)	0.19
Hyperlipidemia	44 (45.4)	2 (40.0)	42 (45.7)	0.80
Diabetes	33 (34.0)	1 (20.0)	32 (34.8)	0.50
Pulmonary disorders	20 (20.6)	2 (40.0)	18 (19.6)	0.27
Presenting laboratory results
White blood cell count (×109/L)	7.5 ± 4.8	11.3 ± 5.2	7.3 ± 4.8	0.07
Hemoglobin (g/L)	17.3 ± 10.8	15.4 ± 9.0	17.4 ± 10.9	0.70
Platelets (×109/L)	196.0 ± 84.8	147.6 ± 65.7	198.6 ± 85.3	0.19
C‐reactive protein	112.0 ± 80.0	70.5 ± 83.8	114.6 ± 79.5	0.23
d‐dimer (nmol)	2513 ± 9167	1579 ± 588	568 ± 9435	0.82
Ferritin	894 ± 778	465 ± 296	915 ± 789	0.26
LDH	371 ± 146	346 ± 118	373 ± 148	0.70
Hospitalization course and outcomes medication received
Antibiotics (median [IQR])	4 [2–5.5]	3 [3–6]	4 [2–5]	0.57
Proton pump inhibitor (n, %)	51 (53.1)	4 (80.0)	47 (51.7)	0.22
Hospitalization outcome (n, %)
Intensive care unit stay	68 (70.1)	4 (80.0)	64 (69.6)	0.62
Mechanical ventilation	65 (67.0)	4 (80.0)	61 (66.3)	0.53
Death	15 (15.8)	4 (80.0)	11 (12.2)	<0.0001