Fig. 2. Carnosine inhibited U87 and U251 cell migration and invasion under normoxia and hypoxia.

Scratch assays (a, 100×) and Transwell migration assays (a) were used to explore the effect of carnosine on the migration capacity of U87 and U251 cells. b Transwell invasion assays were used to evaluate whether carnosine could also influence the invasion of U87 and U251 cells. c Quantitative analysis of the wound-closure rate in the wound-healing assay and number of migrated and invaded cells was conducted by Transwell assay. Car stands for carnosine. The results are expressed as the mean ± SD. n ≥ 3. Scale bar = 100 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 vs. the control group. ^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.001 vs. the normoxia group.