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. 2021 May 12;11:10074. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89277-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Stimulus images. (a) Examples of luminance texture boundary (LTB) stimuli used in this study, shown for varying densities (16, 32, 64 micropatterns on each side of boundary) and proportion unbalanced micropatterns ( $π_{U}$ = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). For all of these example stimulus images, the boundary is right oblique. (b) Luminance step boundary (LSB) stimulus. (c) Stimulus image examples with LTB and LSB having the same orientation (congruent), either phase-aligned (con-0) or opposite-phase (con-180). (d) Example image having superimposed, orthogonal (incongruent) luminance texture (right-oblique) and luminance step (left-oblique) boundaries (inc).