Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| HIV+ | HIV− | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 56 | 68 | |
| Maternal age (mean [SD]) | 32 [5.2] | 30 [5.3] | 0.034 |
| Pre-pregnancy body mass index (mean [SD]) | 27.7 [4.2] | 26.4 [3.9] | 0.091 |
| Smoking during pregnancy (n) | 5 [9%] | 2 [3%] | 0.148 |
| Alcohol intake during pregnancy (n) | 9 [16%] | 5 [7%] | 0.159 |
| Number of years of education (median [IQR]) | 12 [11–12] | 12 [12–12] | 0.038 |
| Number of previous pregnancies (mean [SD]) | 2 [1.1] | 2 [1.3] | 0.864 |
| History of adverse pregnancy outcome (n) | |||
| Yes | 30 [53.6%] | 39 [57%] | 0.241 |
| No | 24 [43%] | 22 [32%] | |
| Unknown | 2 [3.6%] | 7 [10%] | |
| Preterm birth (n) | 23 [41%] | 25 [37%] | 0.712 |
| Term birth (n) | 33 [59%] | 43 [63%] | |
| Small-for-gestational-age (n) | 19 [34%] | 11 [16%] | 0.055 |
| CD4 count (Trimester 1) (median cells/mm3 [IQR]) (n = 21) | 498 [397–662] | ||
| Antiretroviral therapy initiation (n [%]) | |||
| Preconception | 21 [38%] | N/A | |
| Post-conception | 23 [41%] | N/A | |
| Unknown | 12 [21%] | N/A | |
| Number of samples (n) | |||
| Trimester 1 | 54 | 68 | |
| Trimester 2 | 45 | 54 | |
| Trimester 3 | 31 | 37 | |
| Delivery | 11 | 0 | |
| Postnatal | 18 | 0 | |
| Weeks + days of gestation at sample collection (median [IQR]) | |||
| Trimester 1 | 11 + 6 [10 + 5 − 13 + 1] | 12 + 2 [11 + 1 − 13 + 2] | 0.311 |
| Trimester 2 | 26+0 [24 + 6 − 27 + 2] | 26+0 [23 + 3 − 27+0] | 0.869 |
| Trimester 3 | 35+0 [32 + 2 − 36+0] | 35 + 2 [33+0 − 37+0] | 0.398 |
Characteristics of pregnant women living with HIV (HIV+) and pregnant HIV-negative women (HIV−) enrolled in prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa, of whom plasma samples were analysed. Statistical comparisons were made using unpaired t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. History of adverse pregnancy outcome: at least one occurrence of preterm birth, low birth weight, miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal death.