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. 2021 Apr 28;12:666315. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666315

Table 1.

Baseline clinical and US imaging characteristics of patients with PTC.

Characteristics Total Training dataset Validation dataset P value
n = 886 n = 617 n = 269
Sex
Male 205 (23.1%) 138 (22.4%) 67 (24.9%)
Female 681 (76.9%) 479 (77.6%) 202 (75.1%) 0.410
Age (Y)
Mean ± SD (range) 43.4 ± 12.1 (23–77) 43.5 ± 12.1 (25–77) 43.2 ± 11.9 (23–76) 0.994
≥55 151 (17.0%) 106 (17.2%) 45 (16.7%)
<55 735 (83.0%) 511 (82.8%) 224 (83.3%) 0.870
BMI (kg/m2)
Mean ± SD (range) 24.2 ± 4.57 (11.13–38.67) 24.10 ± 4.62 (13.13–37.27) 24.41 ± 4.47 (11.13–38.67) 0.930
Normal 481 (54.3%) 342 (55.4%) 139 (51.7%)
Overweight 405 (45.7%) 275 (44.6%) 130 (48.3%) 0.302
Diabetes
Absence 827 (93.3%) 575 (93.2%) 252 (93.7%)
Presence 59 (6.7%) 42 (6.8%) 17 (6.3%) 0.789
BRAF V600E mutation
Negative 172 (19.4%) 125 (20.3%) 47 (17.5%)
Positive 714 (80.6%) 492 (79.7%) 222 (82.5%) 0.335
CLT
Absence 612 (69.1%) 434 (70.3%) 178 (66.2%)
Presence 274 (30.9%) 183 (29.7%) 91 (33.8%) 0.217
Maximum tumor size (cm)
Mean ± SD (range) 1.21 ± 0.92 (0.11–8.53) 1.31 ± 1.10 (0.11–8.53) 1.23 ± 0.92 (0.12–7.90) 0.134
≤1 505 (57.0%) 348 (56.4%) 157 (58.4%)
>1 to ≤2 255 (28.8%) 178 (28.8%) 77 (28.6%)
>2 to ≤4 103 (11.6%) 74 (12.0%) 29 (10.8%)
>4 23 (2.6%) 17 (2.8%) 6 (2.2%) 0.904
The number of foci
1 600 (67.7%) 416 (67.4%) 184 (68.4%)
2 184 (20.8%) 129 (20.9%) 55 (20.4%)
3 or more 102 (11.5%) 72 (11.7%) 30 (11.2%) 0.956
Multifocality
Solitary 600 (67.7%) 416 (67.4%) 184 (68.4%)
Unilateral multifocality 104 (11.7%) 81 (13.1%) 23 (8.6%)
Bilateral multifocality 182 (20.5%) 120 (19.4%) 62 (23.0%) 0.103
Location
Upper 296 (33.4%) 203 (32.9%) 93 (34.6%)
Middle/Lower 590 (66.6%) 414 (67.1%) 176 (65.4%) 0.628
Nodular composition
Cystic or spongiform 2 (0.2%) 1 (0.2%) 1 (0.4%)
Mixed cystic and solid 12 (1.4%) 9 (1.5%) 3 (1.1%)
Solid 872 (98.4%) 607 (98.4%) 265 (98.5%) 0.777
Echogenicity
Anechoic 3 (0.3%) 2 (0.3%) 1 (0.4%)
Hyperechoic or isoechoic 45 (5.1%) 30 (4.9%) 15 (5.6%)
Hypoechoic 816 (92.1%) 570 (92.4%) 246 (91.4%)
Very hypoechoic 22 (2.5%) 15 (2.4%) 7 (2.6%) 0.971
A/T
≤1 340 (38.4%) 237 (38.4%) 103 (38.3%)
>1 546 (61.6%) 380 (61.6%) 166 (61.7%) 0.973
Margin
Smooth 561 (63.3%) 400 (64.8%) 161 (59.9%)
Lobulated or irregular 286 (32.3%) 193 (31.3%) 93 (34.6%)
ETE 39 (4.4%) 24 (3.9%) 15 (5.6%) 0.276
Echogenic foci
None or large comet-tail artifacts 320 (36.1%) 221 (35.8%) 99 (36.8%)
Macrocalcifications 45 (5.1%) 33 (5.3%) 12 (4.5%)
Peripheral calcifications 12 (1.4%) 9 (1.5%) 3 (1.1%)
Punctate echogenic foci 509 (57.4%) 354 (57.4%) 155 (57.6%) 0.915
US-reported LN status
Negative 638 (72.0%) 433 (70.2%) 205 (76.2%)
Positive 248 (28.0%) 184 (29.8%) 64 (23.8%) 0.066
CLNM
Negative 449 (50.7%) 311 (50.4%) 138 (51.3%)
Positive 437 (49.3%) 306 (49.6%) 131 (48.7%) 0.806
No. of removed LNs in CC
Mean ± SD (range) 7.8 ± 4.9 (2–35) 7.8 ± 4.9 (3–35) 7.7 ± 5.0 (2–32) 0.848
≥6 737 (83.2%) 516 (83.6%) 221 (82.2%)
<6 149 (16.8%) 101 (16.4%) 48 (17.8%) 0.590
No. of metastatic LNs in CC, Mean ± SD (range) 2.6 ± 1.6 (0–15) 2.6 ± 1.7 (0–12) 2.5 ± 1.6 (0–15) 0.364

US, Ultrasound; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; Y, year; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; CLT, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis; ETE, extrathyroidal extension; LN, lymph node; CLNM, central lymph node metastasis; CC, central compartment.