Fig. 1. Future data (and biological sample) sharing preferences based on the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health Data Use Ontology (DUO) standard.

Employing the DUO standard is expected to reduce ambiguity about the meaning of consent and facilitate inter-jurisdictional data sharing. The choices could have been designed so that for each research organisation participants may choose the kinds of research their data could be used for, but this was considered too complex, nor in keeping with the original planned use of DUO codes.