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. 2020 Dec 20;15(5):1344–1358. doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-00854-1

Fig. 1. Changes within B. subtilis prophage sequence and integration site observed after prolonged sporulation selection regime.

Fig. 1

a Experimental evolution with sporulation selection regime leads to spontaneous release of phage particles by the evolved strains [43]. b Overnight culture of evolved B. subtilis strain B410mB (amyE::mKate, shown in red) was diluted 100× and spotted on the lawn of undiluted B. subtilis ancestor strain (amyE::gfp, shown in green), resulting in a clearance zone, and growth of B410mB in that zone. The same experiment was performed using 100x diluted culture of ancestor strain (amyE::mKate) on a lawn of undiluted ancestor (amyE::gfp), as control. Scale bar = 2.5 mm. c Schematic representation of genome rearrangements in one of the phage-releasing evolved strains (B310mA), compared to the ancestor (Anc). The evolved strains carry a hybrid prophage phi3Ts-SPβ. Fragments of phi3Ts are shown in black, while fragments of SPβ are shown in pink. Below, schematic representation of phage genomes, spontaneously released by B310mA. d Schematic comparison of phi3Ts genome, with genome of Bacillus phage phi3T (KY030782.1). Fragment ‘s’ which is unique for phi3Ts, can be detected within prophage genomes of 6 B. subtilis strains, isolated in different parts of the world, specifically: SRCM103612 (South Korea), MB9_B1 and MB8_B1 (Denmark), JAAA (China), HMNig-2 (Egypt) and SSJ-1 (South Korea).