a Dose-dependent inhibition against the tumor cell lines with NG52, n = 3. b The antiproliferative activity of NG52 against primary glioma cells, n = 3. c The time course of the NG52-induced effects on glioma cells, n = 3. d Effects of NG52 on glioma cell colony formation after incubation for 6 days. Quantification is shown in the right panel. Data are the mean ± SD (n = 3). The results are the mean ± SD of three independent experiments; ns not statistically significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.