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. 2021 May 12;11:281. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01399-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Schematic representation of the applied protocol to evaluate the cumulative dose–response to LiCl in the hiPSC-derived 3D-neural aggregate cultures with synchronous network activity (day 20–50 after seeding). B, i Representative examples of MEA-recordings (three individual channels are shown) with their corresponding B, ii Spike raster plot and population firing rate diagrams showing the properties of network activity in baseline and in response to therapeutic and overdose concentrations of LiCl. The black arrows are marking the population bursts (PB) and the red arrows with the red line mark the population super-bursts (PSB). C Diagrams illustrating the change of neuronal network parameters in response to increasing concentrations of LiCl in synchronously active human neuronal networks. D The properties of PSB activity in overdose concentrations of LiCl. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, n = 10, N = 3. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s correction (baseline compared to the indicated group) was applied to calculate the shown p values.