. 2021 May 12;11:10139. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89629-y

Table 1.

Analysis of circulating cytokine levels in plasma.

Plasma cytokines	MA control	MA + anaesthesia	MA + surgery model (Bup-0.05 mg/kg)	MA + surgery model (Bup-0.1 mg/kg)	MA + surgery model (Par-75 mg/kg)	MA + surgery model (Par-150 mg/kg)	F value
Pro-inflammatory
TNF-α	100 ± 4.9 n = 9	112 ± 9 n = 10	135 ± 17 n = 5	117 ± 10 n = 7	227 ± 65* n = 8	241 ± 63*^,# n = 11	F_{(5, 44)} = 2.258 p = 0.0651
IFN-γ	100 ± 46 n = 10	55 ± 13 n = 10	35 ± 20 n = 5	64 ± 14 n = 7	50 ± 13 n = 10	67 ± 14 n = 11	F_{(5, 47)} = 0.6873 p = 0.6354
IL-1β	100 ± 12 n = 4	150 ± 45 n = 5	165 ± 67 n = 5	225 ± 114 n = 4	134 ± 35 n = 7	195 ± 35 n = 8	F_{(5, 27)} = 0.6073 p = 0.6949
IL-6	100 ± 11 n = 9	230 ± 81 n = 11	157 ± 43 n = 4	330 ± 116* n = 7	150 ± 34 n = 9	166 ± 29 n = 11	F_{(5, 45)} = 1.517 p = 0.2036
IL-5	100 ± 16 n = 6	136 ± 60 n = 7	498 ± 99* n = 4	638 ± 276** ^## n = 5	318 ± 63 n = 11	359 ± 97 n = 10	F_{(5, 37)} = 2.810 p = 0.0300
KC/GRO (CXCL1)	100 ± 8 n = 9	102 ± 9 n = 10	81 ± 6 n = 5	85 ± 6 n = 7	114 ± 24 n = 9	129 ± 44 n = 11	F_{(5, 45)} = 0.4344 p = 0.8222
Anti-inflammatory
IL-10	100 ± 6 n = 9	120 ± 13 n = 10	99 ± 6 n = 4	153 ± 29* n = 7	102 ± 12 n = 9	131 ± 16 n = 11	F_{(5, 44)} = 1.567 p = 0.1892
IL-13	100 ± 6 n = 9	137 ± 39 n = 10	220 ± 102 n = 4	278 ± 69**^,# n = 7	119 ± 24 n = 9	125 ± 20 n = 11	F_{(5, 44)} = 2.752 p = 0.0301
IL-4	100 ± 9 n = 9	116 ± 14 n = 10	92 ± 12 n = 5	151 ± 37 n = 7	95 ± 10 n = 9	135 ± 17 n = 11	F_{(5, 45)} = 1.535 p = 0.1982

Plasma cytokines

MA control

MA + anaesthesia

MA + surgery model (Bup-0.05 mg/kg)

MA + surgery model (Bup-0.1 mg/kg)

MA + surgery model (Par-75 mg/kg)

MA + surgery model (Par-150 mg/kg)

F value

Pro-inflammatory

TNF-α

100 ± 4.9

n = 9

112 ± 9

n = 10

135 ± 17

n = 5

117 ± 10

n = 7

227 ± 65*

n = 8

241 ± 63*^,#

n = 11

F_{(5, 44)} = 2.258

p = 0.0651

IFN-γ

100 ± 46

n = 10

55 ± 13

n = 10

35 ± 20

n = 5

64 ± 14

n = 7

50 ± 13

n = 10

67 ± 14

n = 11

F_{(5, 47)} = 0.6873

p = 0.6354

IL-1β

100 ± 12

n = 4

150 ± 45

n = 5

165 ± 67

n = 5

225 ± 114

n = 4

134 ± 35

n = 7

195 ± 35

n = 8

F_{(5, 27)} = 0.6073

p = 0.6949

IL-6

100 ± 11

n = 9

230 ± 81

n = 11

157 ± 43

n = 4

330 ± 116*

n = 7

150 ± 34

n = 9

166 ± 29

n = 11

F_{(5, 45)} = 1.517

p = 0.2036

IL-5

100 ± 16

n = 6

136 ± 60

n = 7

498 ± 99*

n = 4

638 ± 276** ^##

n = 5

318 ± 63

n = 11

359 ± 97

n = 10

F_{(5, 37)} = 2.810

p = 0.0300

KC/GRO (CXCL1)

100 ± 8

n = 9

102 ± 9

n = 10

81 ± 6

n = 5

85 ± 6

n = 7

114 ± 24

n = 9

129 ± 44

n = 11

F_{(5, 45)} = 0.4344

p = 0.8222

Anti-inflammatory

IL-10

100 ± 6

n = 9

120 ± 13

n = 10

99 ± 6

n = 4

153 ± 29*

n = 7

102 ± 12

n = 9

131 ± 16

n = 11

F_{(5, 44)} = 1.567

p = 0.1892

IL-13

100 ± 6

n = 9

137 ± 39

n = 10

220 ± 102

n = 4

278 ± 69**^,#

n = 7

119 ± 24

n = 9

125 ± 20

n = 11

F_{(5, 44)} = 2.752

p = 0.0301

IL-4

100 ± 9

n = 9

116 ± 14

n = 10

92 ± 12

n = 5

151 ± 37

n = 7

95 ± 10

n = 9

135 ± 17

n = 11

F_{(5, 45)} = 1.535

p = 0.1982

Data are expressed as a percentage of the MA Control group (mean ± SEM), n = 5–11 per group. One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD analysis **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. MA control; ^##p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.05 vs. MA + anaesthesia group.