. 2021 May 12;11:10139. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89629-y

Table 2.

Analysis of cytokine levels in hippocampal tissue.

Hippocampus cytokines	MA control	MA + anaesthesia	MA + surgery model (Bup-0.05 mg/kg)	MA + surgery model (Bup-0.1 mg/kg)	MA + surgery model (Par-75 mg/kg)	MA + surgery model (Par-150 mg/kg)	F value
Pro-inflammatory
TNF-α	100 ± 11 n = 5	101 ± 9.6 n = 8	104 ± 13 n = 5	92 ± 6 n = 6	108 ± 11 n = 8	141 ± 11*^# n = 8	F_{(5, 34)} = 2.643 p = 0.0402
IFN-γ	100 ± 6 n = 8	100 ± 6 n = 9	103 ± 6 n = 5	109 ± 20 n = 5	109 ± 5 n = 9	112 ± 6 n = 10	F_{(5, 41)} = 0.4818 P = 0.7877
IL-1β	100 ± 2 n = 8	102 ± 1 n = 9	102 ± 3 n = 5	104 ± 3 n = 6	103 ± 2 n = 10	105 ± 2 n = 11	F_{(5, 44)} = 0.5981 p = 0.7015
IL-6	100 ± 8 n = 8	108 ± 9 n = 10	108 ± 9 n = 5	93 ± 10 n = 5	96 ± 7 n = 7	98 ± 11 n = 10	F_{(5, 40)} = 0.3838 p = 0.8569
IL-5	100 ± 3 n = 8	97 ± 2 n = 7	Below Detection	100 ± 2 n = 6	102 ± 3 n = 9	104 ± 2 n = 9	F_{(5, 36)} = 0.6622 p = 0.6544
KC/GRO (CXCL1)	100 ± 4 n = 8	92 ± 3 n = 8	97 ± 8 n = 4	Below Detection	100 ± 8 n = 7	103 ± 2 n = 8	F_{(5, 31)} = 0.6642 p = 0.6533
Anti-inflammatory
IL-10	100 ± 16 n = 9	84 ± 7 n = 10	91 ± 18 n = 5	97 ± 15 n = 6	118 ± 18 n = 9	127 ± 16 ^# n = 11	F_{(5, 45)} = 1.234 p = 0.3093
IL-13	100 ± 8 n = 7	112 ± 6 n = 10	94 ± 16 n = 5	126 ± 12 n = 6	164 ± 17**^## n = 7	162 ± 16**^## n = 10	F_{(5, 39)} = 4.828 p = 0.0016
IL-4	100 ± 12 n = 8	92 ± 7 n = 10	86 ± 6 n = 5	80 ± 4 n = 6	106 ± 12 n = 10	101 ± 7 n = 11	F_{(5, 45)} = 0.9694 p = 0.4467

Hippocampus cytokines

MA control

MA + anaesthesia

MA + surgery model (Bup-0.05 mg/kg)

MA + surgery model (Bup-0.1 mg/kg)

MA + surgery model (Par-75 mg/kg)

MA + surgery model (Par-150 mg/kg)

F value

Pro-inflammatory

TNF-α

100 ± 11

n = 5

101 ± 9.6

n = 8

104 ± 13

n = 5

92 ± 6

n = 6

108 ± 11

n = 8

141 ± 11*^#

n = 8

F_{(5, 34)} = 2.643

p = 0.0402

IFN-γ

100 ± 6

n = 8

100 ± 6

n = 9

103 ± 6

n = 5

109 ± 20

n = 5

109 ± 5

n = 9

112 ± 6

n = 10

F_{(5, 41)} = 0.4818

P = 0.7877

IL-1β

100 ± 2

n = 8

102 ± 1

n = 9

102 ± 3

n = 5

104 ± 3

n = 6

103 ± 2

n = 10

105 ± 2

n = 11

F_{(5, 44)} = 0.5981

p = 0.7015

IL-6

100 ± 8

n = 8

108 ± 9

n = 10

108 ± 9

n = 5

93 ± 10

n = 5

96 ± 7

n = 7

98 ± 11

n = 10

F_{(5, 40)} = 0.3838

p = 0.8569

IL-5

100 ± 3

n = 8

97 ± 2

n = 7

Below

Detection

100 ± 2

n = 6

102 ± 3

n = 9

104 ± 2

n = 9

F_{(5, 36)} = 0.6622

p = 0.6544

KC/GRO (CXCL1)

100 ± 4

n = 8

92 ± 3

n = 8

97 ± 8

n = 4

Below

Detection

100 ± 8

n = 7

103 ± 2

n = 8

F_{(5, 31)} = 0.6642

p = 0.6533

Anti-inflammatory

IL-10

100 ± 16

n = 9

84 ± 7

n = 10

91 ± 18

n = 5

97 ± 15

n = 6

118 ± 18

n = 9

127 ± 16 ^#

n = 11

F_{(5, 45)} = 1.234

p = 0.3093

IL-13

100 ± 8

n = 7

112 ± 6

n = 10

94 ± 16

n = 5

126 ± 12

n = 6

164 ± 17**^##

n = 7

162 ± 16**^##

n = 10

F_{(5, 39)} = 4.828

p = 0.0016

IL-4

100 ± 12

n = 8

92 ± 7

n = 10

86 ± 6

n = 5

80 ± 4

n = 6

106 ± 12

n = 10

101 ± 7

n = 11

F_{(5, 45)} = 0.9694

p = 0.4467

Data are expressed as percentage of MA Control group ± SEM, n = 5–11 per group. One-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD analysis **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 vs. MA control; ^##p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.05 vs. MA + Anaesthesia group.