Table 3:
Number of adverse events by needle typea
| Needle Type | Transforaminal Injections | Adverse Event Number | CIRSE Grade 1 | CIRSE Grade 2 | CIRSE Grade 3 | Adverse Event Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quincke | 216 | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cutting needles | 7.9% | |||||
| Sprotte | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Whitacre | 85 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Chiba | 14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Spinal or Chiba | 27 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Pakter | 59 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
| Chiba | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Noncutting needles | 206 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 3.4% |
a
Note that 1 publication reported by using either a spinal or Chiba type needle without delineation of complication rate separately.