Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza.
| Characteristic | Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09A N = 23 | p-value A vs. B | Moderate COVID-19BN = 10 | p-value B vs. C | Severe COVID-19CN = 24 | p-value A vs. C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (range) | 49 (29 - 77) | 0.2385 | 34.5 (28 – 71) | 0.1706 | 52 (30 – 73) | >0.9999 |
|
Gender
Males Females |
14 (60.86) 9 (39.13) |
0.7098 |
7 (70) 3 (30) |
0.5659 |
19 (79.16) 5 (20.83) |
0.1703 |
| BMI | 33.6 (29.6 - 42.4) | 0.0004 | 25.3 (22.5 – 29.3) | 0.1164 | 29.6 (25.3 – 33.4) | 0.0592 |
|
Relevant co-morbidities
Smoking Biomass exposure Diabetes SAH OSA COPD Cancer |
8 (34.78) 5 (21.73) 5 (21.73) 6 (26.08) 2 (8.69) 2 (8.69) 0 (0) |
0.0715 0.2911 >0.9999 >0.9999 >0.9999 >0.9999 0.0852 |
0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (20) 2 (20) 0 (0) 1 (10) 2 (20) |
0.0720 0.2958 >0.9999 >0.9999 1 0.2941 0.0802 |
8 (33.33) 4 (16.66) 6 (25) 4 (16.66) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) |
0.9165 0.7238 0.7918 0.4936 0.2340 0.2340 1 |
|
Clinical findings at onset
Fever Myalgia Arthralgia Headache Dyspnea Nasal congestion Rhinorrhea Sore throat Thoracic pain Cough Sputum Dry cough Fatigue Diarrhea Nausea Vomit |
21 (91.3) 17 (73.91) 17 (73.91) 11 (47.82) 18 (78.26) 3 (13.04) 11 (47.82) 8 (34.78) 4 (17.39) 19 (82.6) 11 (47.82) 8 (34.78) 19 (82.6) 2 (8.69) 2 (8.69) 0 (0) |
0.3605 0.7077 0.4438 0.9086 0.0004 0.5363 0.0129 0.0321 0.2890 0.4155 0.0129 0.0619 >0.9999 0.1493 0.1493 0.0220 |
8 (80) 8 (80) 6 (60) 5 (50) 1 (10) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 7 (70) 0 (0) 7 (70) 8 (80) 3 (30) 3 (30) 3 (30) |
0.7541 0.5809 0.7109 0.8245 0.0002 >0.9999 0.1478 0.1478 1 0.2226 0.2958 0.9612 0.9563 0.3943 0.1380 0.3284 |
18 (75) 17 (70.83) 16 (66.66) 11 (45.83) 19 (79.16) 2 (8.33) 6 (25) 6 (25) 0 (0) 21 (87.5) 4 (16.66) 17 (70.83) 19 (79.16) 4 (16.66) 2 (8.33) 3 (12.5) |
0.1371 0.8135 0.5871 0.8911 0.9395 0.6662 0.1035 0.4635 0.0496 0.6378 0.0220 0.0133 0.7643 0.6662 >0.9999 0.0797 |
| Illness onset - hospital admission (days) | 7 (4 - 8.5) | 0.0583 | 3 (0 – 5.7) | 0.0158 | 6 (5 – 13.2) | >0.9999 |
|
Vital signs at admission
Body temperature (oC) Respiratory rate (bpm) Hearth rate (bpm) MAP (mmHg) |
37 (36.8 – 37) 26 (22 – 30) 93 (80 – 103) 82 (73.5 – 94.8) |
0.5195 0.0018 >0.9999 >0.9999 |
36.5 (36.3 – 37.2) 20 (16.7 – 21.7) 90 (75.7 – 99.7) 87 (80.7 – 88.7) |
0.02 0.0518 0.7698 0.1820 |
37 (37 – 37.7) 24 (22 – 26) 84 (72 – 90) 75 (70.2 – 84.5) |
0.2878 0.48 0.1295 0.3202 |
Data are displayed as n (%) or median (IQR). N is the total number of patients with available data. BMI, body mass index; bpm, breaths/beats per minute; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IQR, interquartile range; ICU, intensive care unit; MAP, mean arterial pressure; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; SAH, systemic arterial hypertension; SD, standard deviation. Differences in continuous variables were estimated using the Kruskal Wallis with post hoc Dunn´s test. Differences in categorical variables were calculated using the Fisher’s exact or the Chi-square test as appropriate.