Table 2.
Laboratory parameters of participants at admission.
| Parameter | Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09A N = 23 | p-value A vs. B | Moderate COVID-19B N = 10 | p-value B vs. C | Severe COVID-19C N = 24 | p-value A vs. C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 132.1 (111 – 207.4) | 0.1241 | 96.5 (85.2 – 112) | 0.3025 | 124.3 (99 – 163.7) | >0.9999 |
|
Blood count
White blood cells (109/L) Neutrophils (109/L) Lymphocytes (109/L) NLR Hgb (g/dL) Platelets (109/L) |
7.3 (5.8 – 11.9) 5.7 (4.6 – 9.9) 0.7 (0.4 – 0.9) 8.4 (5.1 – 17.1) 14.2 (13 – 17.3) 173 (141 – 205) |
0.0069 0.0057 0.5050 0.0120 0.6994 >0.9999 |
4.0 (3.5 – 5.7) 2.9 (1.8 – 3.9) 0.9 (0.6 – 1.2) 3.1 (1.6 – 5.7) 15.4 (14.2 - 16.4) 192 (137 – 224) |
0.0007 0.0184 >0.9999 0.0702 0.0755 0.7794 |
9.5 (6.4 – 13.1) 7.4 (4.1 – 10.1) 0.9 (0.6 – 1.2) 8.7 (3.7 – 13.4) 13.7 (13.2 – 15.1) 208 (165 – 258) |
>0.9999 >0.9999 0.3522 >0.9999 0.5663 0.1547 |
|
Renal function
Cr (mg/dL) BUN (mg/dL) Na (mmol/L) K (mmol/L) |
1.1 (0.9 – 2.2) 22.2 (16.2 – 34.3) 135.2 (132.5 – 139.3) 4.2 (3.8 – 4.6) |
0.5773 0.1106 >0.9999 0.7951 |
1.0 (0.8 – 1.1) 14.5 (10.5 – 18.8) 137 (136 – 139) 4.0 (3.7 – 4.2) |
>0.9999 0.6716 0.4082 0.6386 |
0.9 (0.8 – 1.5) 18 (11.9 – 26.8) 139.8 (136.2 – 141.7) 4.2 (4 – 4.5) |
0.4344 0.7558 0.0161 >0.9999 |
|
Liver function
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) AST (U/L) ALT (U/L) ALP (U/L) |
0.6 (0.4 – 0.8) 60.9 (39.6 – 84.1) 29.2 (23.3 – 47.5) 122.7 (86.1 – 169.7) |
0.0344 0.0026 0.4934 0.0016 |
0.3 (0.3 – 0.4) 22.6 (15 – 38.5) 21.7 (17.2 – 32.1) 72.5 (58.2 – 80.5) |
0.0183 0.0170 0.0435 0.6821 |
0.5 (0.4 – 0.8) 43.5 (29 – 90.7) 40.2 (28.8 – 56.8) 78 (63.4 – 88.2) |
>0.9999 >0.9999 0.5891 0.0104 |
|
Other biomarkers
LDH (U/L) CPK (U/L) Procalcitonin (ng/mL) |
643.8 (452.2 – 804.7) 274.4 (158.2 – 771.2) 0.6 (0.2 – 3.6) |
<0.0001 0.0277 <0.0001 |
186 (165.8 – 251.5) 73 (49.7 – 161.3) 0.05 (0.05 – 0.08) |
0.0070 0.1225 0.1652 |
414.5 (318 .4– 494.8) 160.3 (74.6 – 1419) 0.1 (0.09 – 0.17) |
0.0269 >0.9999 0.0008 |
|
Gasometric parameters
pH PaO2 mmHg PCO2 mmHg Lactate (mmol/L) HCO3 (mEq/L) |
7.37 (7.32 – 7.45) 51 (38 – 67) 35 (30 – 48) 1.2 (0.8 – 1.5) 22.2 (17.9 – 27.4) |
0.2325 0.0768 >0.9999 ND >0.9999 |
7.43 (7.41 – 7.46) 65 (55 – 91) 34 (29 – 37) ND 22.6 (21.5 – 25.8) |
0.3277 0.1260 >0.9999 ND 0.4845 |
7.41 (7.33 – 7.45) 51 (42 – 65) 34 (27 – 47) 0.9 (0.8 – 1.1) 21.1 (19 – 22.8) |
>0.9999 >0.9999 >0.9999 0.1309 0.9628 |
|
PaO2/FiO2
Mild (PaO2/FiO2 201 - 300) Moderate (PaO2/FiO2 101-200) Severe (PaO2/FiO2 <100) |
96 (62.8 – 160) 1 (4.34) 11 (47.82) 11 (47.82) |
<0.0001 0.0002 0.3410 0.0129 |
314 (262 – 433) 7 (70) 3 (30) 0 (0) |
0.001 0.0019 0.0836 0.0815 |
127 (96 – 155) 3 (12.5) 15 (62.5) 6 (25) |
0.5999 0.6085 0.3118 0.1035 |
|
Severity of illness scores
SOFA APACHE II |
8 (7 – 13) 11 (5 – 18) |
<0.0001 0.0405 |
1 (0 – 2) 4 (0 – 7.5) |
0.0031 0.3546 |
6 (3 – 8) 7 (4 – 10) |
0.0398 0.6420 |
Data are displayed as n (%) or median (IQR). N is the total number of patients with available data. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; APACHE-II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BUN, blood ureic nitrogen; CPK, creatine phosphokinase; Cr, creatinine; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; HCO3, bicarbonate; Hgb, hemoglobin; IQR, interquartile range; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ND, not determined; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ration; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Differences in continuous variables were estimated using the Kruskal Wallis with post hoc Dunn´s test. Differences in categorical variables were calculated using the Fisher’s exact or the Chi-square test as appropriate.