Figure 2.

Bicuspid aortic valve. In the top panes there are images of a bicuspid valve with right-left (RL) configuration (annotated; systole (A) and (B) diastole). Images (C) and (D) depict a bicuspid valve with anterior-posterior configuration (AP) with a raphe in the anterior cusps (marked with asterisk). M-mode recording of a bicuspid valve with AP configuration (E): note eccentric closure line (marked with asterisk). Image (F) depicts a calcified aortic valve obtained using TOE, which appears tricuspid. Colour Doppler is applied in image (G) and demonstrates a ‘crescent-shaped’ opening indicating this is a bicuspid valve (AP configuration with raphe).