Figure 3.

Combination treatments of adoptive NK cells with other Immunotherapies could improve outcomes. (A) Adoptive transfer of NK cells combined with checkpoint inhibitor blockade could increase overall NK cytotoxicity and cytokine production and help control tumor and activate the adaptive immune response. (B) NK cell therapy combined with oncolytic virotherapy (OV) could improve therapeutic efficacy. Depletion of endogenous NK cells would reduce the natural antiviral response and increase OV mediated tumor lysis, and adoptive transfer of NK cells would increase NK cell effector functions and enhance the antitumor response. (C) STING-dependent tumor rejection activated by cGAS expression from tumor cells (107) can be enhanced by combination therapy of STING agonists with NK cells. This would provide enhanced tumor lysis through further activation of the STING pathway, not only activating the innate immunity by stimulating expression of cytokines and Type I IFNs, but by increasing the presence of NK cell activating receptors ligands, which could enhance adoptive NK cell therapy antitumor responses.