RAW264.7 cells were cultured as described above, and qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression of osteoclast marker genes, including OSCAR, TRAP, c-Src, Fra-2, MMP-9, and cathepsin K. The results are presented as the mean ± SD of representative experiments. ###P < 0.001 vs the control group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs the RANKL-treated group.