Table 5. Previous published series on coronary perforation with covered stent implantation.
| Study | Enrolment years | No of patients with perforation | Percentage of covered stent implantation | Covered Stent type | Success rate of hemostasis | Follow-up | Outcomes | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Data available for the covered stent population | MACE | Stent thrombosis | TVR | TLR | Death | MI | |||||||
| Kawamoto et al. 2015 [22] | 2004–2015 | 285 | 20% | ePTFE | 88% | 30-days | YES | 28% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 7%; 2%‡ | 18% |
| 6-months | 16% | 2% | 11% | 8% | 6%; 4%‡ | 2% | |||||||
| 1-year | 22% | 2% | 17% | 8% | 6%; 4%‡ | 2% | |||||||
| 2-years | 32% | 5% | 22% | 8% | 11%; 9%‡ | 5% | |||||||
| 3 years | 38% | 5% | 26% | 12% | 17%; 15%‡ | 5% | |||||||
| Chen et al. 2015 [26] | 2008–2013 | 9 | 100% | Processed equine pericardium | 100% | Up to 32 months | YES | NA | 11% | 44% (1-ST; 2-ISR; 1- occluded) | 0% | 22% | |
| Lee et al. 2016 [27] | 2004–2016 | 48 | 100% | ePTFE | 100% | 30 days | YES | NA | 0% | NA | 0% | 16.7%; 13%‡ | 0% |
| 1 year | NA | 16% | NA | 22% | 26%; 22%‡ | 6% | |||||||
| 3 years | NA | 22% | NA | 52% | 38%; 29%‡ | 9% | |||||||
| Lemmert et al. 2017 [7] | 2005–2016 | 150 | 24% | NA | NA | In hospital | YES | NA | NA | NA | NA | 14% | NA |
| 30 days | NA | NA | NA | NA | 25% | NA | |||||||
| 1 year | NA | NA | NA | NA | 37% | NA | |||||||
| Guttmann et al. 2017 [28] | 2005–2016 | 149 | 21% | NA | NA | In hospital | YES | NA | NA | NA | NA | 16% | NA |
| 1.4 year (median) | 29.6% | NA | |||||||||||
| Mirza et al. 2018 [29] | 2009–2016 | 24 | 62.5% | ePTFE | NA | 2 years | YES | NA | 6.7% | NA | NA | 0% | 0% |
| Kufner et al. 2018 [30] | 2013–2017 | 61 | 100% | ePTFE | 96.7% | In-hospital | YES | NA | 0% | NA | 0% | 8.2%; 8.2%‡ | 31.1% |
| <1 year | NA | 0% | NA | 18.0% | 11.5%; 8.2%‡ | 31.1% | |||||||
| Kandzari et al. 2019 [31] | 2013–2017 | 80 | 100% | Electrospun polyurethane | 91.3% | In-hospital | YES | NA | 1.2% | NA | NA | 10% | 0% |
| Hachinohe et al. 2019 [19] | 1997–2007 | 53 | 100% | ePTFE, Processed equine pericardium | NA | 1 year | YES | NA | 11.9% | 18.8% ^ | 19.6% | 4.2‡ | 13.5%* |
| 5 years | 23.9% | 38.4%^ | 37.7% | 10.2%‡ | 20.6%* | ||||||||
| 10 years | 23.9% | 38.4%^ | 41.6% | 14.4%‡ | 20.6%* | ||||||||
| Rossel et al. 2019 [32] | 2007–2017 | 55 | 43.6% | ePTFE, Processed equine pericardium | 95.8% | In-hospital | YES | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8.3% | NA |
| 1 year | 23.8% | 0% | NA | NA | 9.5% | NA | |||||||
| 5 years | 58.8% | 4.2% | NA | NA | 26.7% | NA | |||||||
| Parikh et al. 2019 [17] | 2003–2017 | 67 | 35.8% | ePTFE | NA | 30 days | YES | NA | 0% | NA | 0% | 8% | NA |
| 1 year | NA | NA | NA | 4.2% | 16.7% | NA | |||||||
| 4 years | NA | NA | NA | 12.5% | 50% | NA | |||||||
| Itoh et al. 2020 [33] | 2003–2014 | 82 | 18.3% | ePTFE | 73.3% | In-hospital | YES | NA | NA | NA | NA | 26.7% | 13% |
| Cerrato et al. 2020 [34] | 1998–2018 | 311 | 48.2% | NA | 84% | In-hospital | NO | 38.2% | 2.2% | NA | 2.9% | 6.1% | 28.3% |
| Harnek et al. 2020 SCAAR Registry [5] | 2005–2017 | 1008 | 16.5% | ePTFE, Processed equine pericardium, Electrospun polyurethane | NA | 1 year | YES | 34.3% | 3.6% | NA | 10.2% | 19.3% | 7.8% |
| Hernández-Enríquez et al. 2020 [35] | 2012–2017 | 61 | 100% | ePTFE, Electrospun polyurethane | 75% | In-hospital | YES | 31% | 2% | NA | 0% | 18% | 7% |
| 1 year | 57% | 4% | 10% | 7% | 36%; 33%‡ | 9% | |||||||
| Jurado-Roman et al.2020 [23] | 2014–2019 | 52 | 100% | Electrospun polyurethane | 94.2% | 22 ± 16 months | YES | 7.7% | 0% | NA | 3.8% | 3.8% ‡ | 3.8%* |
| Wańha et al.2021 CRACK Registry | 2009–2019 | 119 | 100% | ePTFE, Processed equine pericardium, Electrospun polyurethane | 83% | 30 days | YES* | 15.1% | 5% | 8.1% | 8.1% | 6.1%‡ | 6.1% |
| 1 year | 26.2% | 6.1% | 15.2% | 13.1% | 7.1%‡ | 11.0% | |||||||
MACE- major adverse cardiovascular events; ST- stent thrombosis; TVR- target vessel revascularization; TLR- target lesion revascularization; MI- myocardial infarction
*Periprocedural death and patients required emergency cardiac surgery were excluded from the one-year analysis
‡cardiac death
^target vessel occlusion
*Target vessel MI.