Figure 4.

Rehabilitation therapy does not reverse cognitive decline after TBI. A, Schematic of treatment and testing paradigm. Following TBI, mice were treated with 3 doses of CR2Crry or vehicle and exposed to either 30 d of enriched environment (motor and cognitive enrichment, rehabilitation) or standard housing, with assessment for performance on motor and cognitive tasks at 90 d. Dashed line indicates border of injury site. B, Spatial learning and retention of spatial memory on Barnes maze among mice treated with different combinations of CR2Crry, vehicle, and rehabilitation. N = 12/group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni. C, D, Comparison of path length and number of error pokes (not in target hole) on retention day between the different groups. N = 12/group. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ANOVA with Bonferroni. E, Comparison of total ambulation distance on open field testing of animals from the different groups. ANOVA with Bonferroni. N = 12/group. F, Performance on NOR task between the different treatment groups compared with sham. Percentage time spent near novel versus familiar object. N = 7/group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ANOVA with Bonferroni. G, Motor score on ladder rung task at different time points following TBI. Repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni. N = 9/group.