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. 2021 Apr 28;134(9):1009–1013. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001498
Breast cancer surgery treatment Level of evidence Recommendation strength
3.1 Breast surgery
 3.1.1 Lumpectomy[18,19] I A
 3.1.2 Total mastectomy[12] I A
 3.1.3 Modified radical mastectomy[20] I A
 3.1.4 Skin-sparing mastectomy[21] II A
 3.1.5 Nipple-sparing mastectomy[22] II A
3.2 Surgical axillary staging
 3.2.1 Sentinel lymph node biopsy[23] I A
 3.2.2 Axillary lymph node dissection[12] I A
3.3 Oncoplastic and reconstructive surgery
 3.3.1 Oncoplastic techniques for breast conservation[12,17] II A
 3.3.2 Breast reconstruction following mastectomy
  3.3.2.1 Timing of reconstruction
a. Immediate reconstruction[12,17] II A
b. Delayed reconstruction[12,17] II A
c. Delayed-immediate reconstruction[12,17] II A
  3.3.2.2 Type of reconstruction
a. Implant reconstruction[12,17] II A
b. Autologous tissue reconstruction[12,17] II A
c. Autologous tissue combined with implant reconstruction[12,17] II A