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. 2021 May 12;16(5):e0250563. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250563

Table 3. The severity and prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and drinking.

Women Men Total
N % N % N %
PHQ-9 –Depression Symptoms
    None/Minimal 642 43.6% 854 61.4%* 1496 52.3%
    Mild 530 36.0%* 323 23.2% 853 29.8%
    Moderate 202 13.7%* 148 10.6% 350 12.2%
    Moderately Severe 77 5.2%* 44 3.2% 121 4.2%
    Severe 22 1.5% 21 1.5% 43 1.5%
Total N 1473 1390 2863
GAD-7 –Anxiety Symptoms
    None/Minimal 642 43.6% 840 60.4%* 1482 51.8%
    Mild 500 33.9%* 349 25.1% 849 29.7%
    Moderate 207 14.1%* 139 10.0% 346 12.1%
    Severe 124 8.4%* 62 4.5% 186 6.5%
Total N 1467 1382 2863
PSS–Stress
    Low 492 33.4% 713 51.3%* 1205 42.1%
    Moderate 850 57.7%* 599 43.1% 1449 50.6%
    Severe 131 8.9%* 78 5.6% 209 7.3%
Total N 1470 1390 2863
AUDIT-C–Risky Drinking
    Yes 823 55.9%* 645 46.4% 1468 51.3%
    No 650 44.1% 745 53.6%* 1395 48.7%
Total N 1473 1390 2863
AUDIT-C–Hazardous Drinking
    Yes 500 34.0%* 353 25.4% 853 29.8%
    No 973 66.0% 1037 74.6%* 2010 70.2%
Total N 1473 1390 2863

* significant difference from referent (*p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001); OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.