Table 4. Work-related predictors of stress.

	Women (N = 1,471)			Men (N = 1,387)
	N	OR	95% CI	N	OR	95% CI
COVID–stress		p < .0001			p < .0001
No Change/Decrease	510(34.7%)			683(49.2%)
Increase	961(65.3%)	4.097***	(3.14–5.35)	704(50.8%)	2.789***	(2.14–3.64)
Age		p < .0001			p < .0001
Less than 40	584(39.7%)	2.264***	(1.51–3.40)	410(29.6%)	3.905***	(2.69–5.67)
41 to 60	684(46.5%)	1.194	(.81–1.75)	581(41.9%)	2.296***	(1.64–3.21)
61 and older	203(13.8%)			396(28.6%)
Alc. permissiveness at workplace		p = .301			p = .283
Low	462(31.4%)			513(37.0%)
Intermediate	462(31.4%)	1.279	(.93–1.77)	442(31.9%)	.770	(.56–1.06)
High	547(37.2%)	1.207	(.87–1.67)	432(31.1%)	.871	(.62–1.22)
Work-Family Conflict		p = .203			p < .0001
Low	589(40.0%)			632(45.6%)
Intermediate	458(31.1%)	1.278	(.93–1.76)	459(33.1%)	1.647**	(1.19–2.27)
High	424(28.8%)	1.383	(.91–2.10)	296(21.3%)	2.425***	(1.56–3.77)
Effort-Reward Imbalance		p < .0001			p = .001
Low	395(26.9%)			515(37.1%)
Intermediate	524(35.6%)	1.955***	(1.42–2.70)	455(32.8%)	1.357	(.97–1.89)
High	552(37.5%)	2.387***	(1.58–3.61)	417(30.1%)	2.241***	(1.47–3.41)
Work Overcommitment		p < .0001			p < .0001
Low	351(23.9%)			476(34.3%)
Intermediate	572(38.9%)	1.846***	(1.33–2.55)	535(38.6%)	1.930***	(1.39–2.68)
High	548(37.3%)	5.134***	(3.34–7.88)	376(27.1%)	4.639***	(3.02–7.14)
Possibility of Promotion		p < .0001			p < .0001
Low	570(38.7%)			458(33.0%)
Intermediate	569(38.7%)	.604**	(.44-.84)	588(42.4%)	.687*	(.50-.95)
High	332(22.6%)	.449***	(.31-.66)	341(24.6%)	.423***	(.28-.63)

* significant difference from referent (*p ≤ .05; **p ≤ .01; ***p ≤ .001); OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.