Table 2.
Comparison of infection- and outcome-related characteristics between three BSI bacteria clusters (FAV, INT, ADV). Nosocomial acquisition of the BSI was assumed, when at least 72 h elapsed between hospital admission and BSI detection. An empiric antibiotic therapy usually given within the first 48 h was defined as adequate or inadequate depending on the antibiotic susceptibility testing or, if data were not available, according to the EUCAST criteria and expert rules [20]. p-values < 0.005 indicate differences between the three clusters. After a significant chi-square test, significant differences were assigned via post hoc test using the Bonferroni-correction (*). ICU, intensive care unit; MDRO, multidrug-resistant organism
| All BSI(n=637) | FAV(n=347) | INT(n=274) | ADV(n=16) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polymicrobial BSI | 72 (11.3) | 28 (8.1)* | 44 (16.1)* | 0 (0.0) | 0.003 |
| Overlapping BSI | 84 (13.2) | 33 (9.5)* | 49 (17.9)* | 2 (12.5) | 0.009 |
| Sequential BSI | 226 (35.5) | 103 (29.7)* | 115 (42.0)* | 8 (50.0) | 0.003 |
| Nosocomial acquisition of BSI, n (%) | 480 (75.4) | 240 (69.2)* | 226 (82.5)* | 14 (87.5) | <0.001 |
| Adequate empiric antibiotic therapy, n (%) | 415 (75.6)(N/A=88) | 242 (82.6)(N/A=54)* | 169 (69.8)(N/A=32)* | 4 (28.6) (N/A=2)* | <0.001 |
| Prior colonization with any MDRO, n (%) | 344 (54.0) | 162 (46.7)* | 168 (61.3)* | 14 (87.5)* | <0.001 |
| Prior colonization with BSI-associated MDRO referring to the affected BSI groups, n (% of group) | MDRGN: 30/43 (69.8), VRE: 37/64 (57.9) | MDRGN+CR: 9/16 (56.3) | |||
| Microbiological evidence of a non-BSI bacterial infection +/− 30 days, n (%) | 164 (25.7) | 71 (20.5)* | 83 (30.3) | 10 (62.5)* | <0.001 |
| Infection with BSI associated organism within previous 30 days, n (% of bacterial infections) | 32/164 (19.5) | 15/71 (21.1) | 16/83 (19.3) | 1/10 (10.0) | 0.706 |
| ICU admission during 30-day follow-up period, n (%) | 91 (14.3) | 34 (9.8)* | 51 (18.6)* | 6 (37.5)* | <0.001 |
| ICU admission due to infectious diseases during 30-day follow-up period, n (%) | 72 (11.3) | 27 (7.8)* | 39 (14.2) | 6 (37.5)* | <0.001 |
| Cause of death: Infectious disease, n (% of deaths) | 46/77 (59.7) | 9/16 (56.3) | 29/51 (56.9) | 8/10 (80.0) | 0.375 |
Significant values (p-value <0.05) are marked in bold letters to highlight statistical significance