Table 8.

The presence of HEV in shellfish in different countries

Location	Study	Percentage of shellfish HEV positive
China	Gao et al. (2015)	17.5% of 126 shellfish samplesa of various species from production areas
Denmark	Krog et al. (2014)	0% of 29 mussel samplesa from 19 production areas
France	Grodzki et al. (2014)	0% of 286 shellfish samplesa of various species from two production areas
Italy	La Rosa et al. (2018)	2.6% of 384 shellfish samplesa of various species from production areas
Japan	Li et al. (2007)	6.3% of 32 Yamato-Shijimi clam samplesa
Scotland	Crossan et al. (2012)	85.4% of 48 individual wild mussels
	O’Hara et al. (2018)	2.9% of 310 retail shellfish samplesa (mussels and oysters)
Spain	Mesquita et al. (2016)	14.8% of 81 mussel samplesa from a production area
	Rivadulla et al. (2019)	24.4% of 164 mussel, clam, and cockle samplesa

^aWhere the study states that samples of shellfish were tested, it was either stated or assumed in each publication that each “sample” would have been formed by ten or more shellfish individuals and is therefore technically a pooled sample