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. 2021 Apr 30;60(2):213–231. doi: 10.1007/s00411-021-00910-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — European CI5–8 country lung cancer age-specific incidence data (rates are in units of number of incident cases per 100,000 persons, in one year). The top panel shows the actual CI5–8 country data and the lower panel shows how these rates change after adjustment to non-smoking rates using the method described