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. 2021 May 13;11:9966. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88568-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Whitespotted bamboo shark Chiloscyllium plagiosum spermatozuegmata and spermatozoa micrographs illustrating the morphology and acrosome location for aggregated and individual spermatozoa. Scanning electron micrograph of a spermatozeugma fragment (a) revealing sperm with heads closely aligned and embedded in a matrix core. Matching phase contrast and fluorescent micrographs of a spermatozeugma with radially aligned heads (b, d) and individual spermatozoan (c, e) with acrosomes highlighted by fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA-FITC) stain. Whitespotted bamboo shark spermatozoa (c) possess a helical head with an acrosome (e), a helical midpiece and a flagellum with a transient cytoplasmic sleeve (arrow) at the junction of the midpiece and tail that was shed after acquiring motility.