Table 1.

Summary of treatment effects. Summary of in vitro and in vivo effects observed following administration of HCQ and indapamide alone and in combination. ++: marginal effect; +++: modest effect; ++++: robust effect

	HCQ	Indapamide	Combination Effect?
Protection against neurotoxicity in vitro	+++	+++	Unable to assess since each drug by itself was already very potent
Anti-oxidant capacity (HORAC) in vitro	No effect	++++	No
Inhibition of microglial TNF-α in vitro	++	++	No
CD68+ microglia/macrophage in vivo	No effect	No effect	Yes. Reduces CD68+ immunoreactivity within lesion
Axonal health (APP accumulation) in vivo	No effect	No effect	Yes. Reduces number of APP+ axons in lesion
Marker of oxidative injury (4-HNE) in vivo	++++	No effect	The magnitude of 4-HNE reduction by HCQ is marked, so it is not possible to determine any additional effect