Table 2.

American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) recommendations for the treatment of nightmare disorder in adults [34]

•PTSD-associated nightmares and nightmare disorder: Recommended: imagery rehearsal therapy

•PTSD-associated nightmares: Cognitive–behavioral therapy; cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia; eye movement desensitization and reprocessing; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine, risperidone, and aripiprazole; clonidine; cyproheptadine; fluvoxamine; gabapentin; nabilone; phenelzine; prazosin; topiramate; trazodone; and tricyclic antidepressants

•Nightmare disorder: May be used: cognitive–behavioral therapy; exposure, relaxation, and rescripting therapy; hypnosis; lucid dreaming therapy; progressive deep muscle relaxation; sleep dynamic therapy; self-exposure therapy; systematic desensitization; testimony method; nitrazepam; prazosin; and triazolam Not recommended: clonazepam and venlafaxine