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. 2021 Apr 29;12:641806. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641806

Table 1.

Descriptive analysis of basic characteristics.

Variable (n = 478) All participants (%) Anxiety P-value Depression P-value
NO YES NO YES
Gender
  Male 205 42.9% 168 82.0% 37 18.0% 0.18 140 68.3% 65 31.7% 0.77
  Female 273 57.1% 236 86.4% 37 13.6% Chi-square 183 67.0% 90 33.0% Chi-square
Major
  Medicine/Biology 100 20.9% 87 87.0% 13 13.0% 0.64 63 63.0% 37 37.0% 0.64
  Psychology 151 31.6% 129 85.4% 22 14.6% Chi-square 107 70.9% 44 29.1% Chi-square
  Science/Engineering 59 12.3% 51 86.4% 9 15.3% 40 67.8% 19 32.2%
  Others 168 35.1% 137 81.5% 31 18.5% 113 67.3% 55 32.7%
Grade
  Fresher 110 23.0% 100 90.9% 10 9.1% 0.03 82 74.5% 28 25.5% 0.35
  Sophomore 182 38.1% 154 84.6% 28 15.4% Chi-square 119 65.4% 63 34.6% Chi-square
  Junior 139 29.1% 116 83.5% 23 16.5% 92 66.2% 47 33.8%
  Senior (4th/5th) and above 47 9.8% 34 72.3% 13 27.7% 30 63.8% 17 36.2%
Family location
  Rural/County areas 227 47.5% 194 85.5% 33 14.5% 0.59 158 69.6% 69 30.4% 0.37
  City 251 52.5% 210 83.7% 41 16.3% Chi-square 165 65.7% 86 34.3% Chi-square
Fear of being infected
  Very low 186 38.9% 169 90.9% 17 9.1% <0.001 140 75.3% 46 24.7% <0.001
  Low 152 31.8% 131 86.2% 21 13.8% Somer's d 100 65.8% 52 34.2% Somer's d
  Medium 92 19.2% 71 77.2% 21 22.8% 55 59.8% 37 40.2%
  High 33 6.9% 22 66.7% 11 33.3% 20 60.6% 13 39.4%
  Very high 15 3.1% 11 73.3% 4 26.7% 8 53.3% 7 46.7%
Attitude to COVID-19
  Very pessimistic 30 6.3% 24 80.0% 6 20.0% <0.001 17 56.7% 13 43.3% <0.001
  Pessimistic 36 7.5% 25 69.4% 11 30.6% Somer's d 21 58.3% 15 41.7% Somer's d
  Medium 100 20.9% 78 78.0% 22 22.0% 54 54.0% 46 46.0%
  Optimistic 120 25.1% 102 85.0% 18 15.0% 78 65.0% 42 35.0%
  Very optimistic 192 40.2% 175 91.1% 17 8.9% 153 79.7% 39 20.3%
History of counseling
  Yes 215 45.0% 183 85.1% 32 14.9% 0.74 154 71.6% 61 28.4% 0.09
  No 263 55.0% 221 84.0% 42 16.0% Chi-square 169 64.3% 94 35.7% Chi-square
Need for counseling
  Yes 60 12.6% 32 53.3% 28 46.7% 26 43.3% 34 56.7%
  No 352 73.6% 321 91.2% 31 8.8% 266 75.6% 86 24.4%
  Not sure 66 13.8% 51 77.3% 15 22.7% 31 47.0% 35 53.0%

Counseling here means psychological counseling received from school or from others. Somer's d was used to measure the consistency of ordered categories. Chi-square test was used to measure correlations between unordered categories.