Table 1.
Descriptive analysis of basic characteristics.
| Variable (n = 478) | All participants (%) | Anxiety | P-value | Depression | P-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO | YES | NO | YES | |||||||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||
| Male | 205 | 42.9% | 168 | 82.0% | 37 | 18.0% | 0.18 | 140 | 68.3% | 65 | 31.7% | 0.77 |
| Female | 273 | 57.1% | 236 | 86.4% | 37 | 13.6% | Chi-square | 183 | 67.0% | 90 | 33.0% | Chi-square |
| Major | ||||||||||||
| Medicine/Biology | 100 | 20.9% | 87 | 87.0% | 13 | 13.0% | 0.64 | 63 | 63.0% | 37 | 37.0% | 0.64 |
| Psychology | 151 | 31.6% | 129 | 85.4% | 22 | 14.6% | Chi-square | 107 | 70.9% | 44 | 29.1% | Chi-square |
| Science/Engineering | 59 | 12.3% | 51 | 86.4% | 9 | 15.3% | 40 | 67.8% | 19 | 32.2% | ||
| Others | 168 | 35.1% | 137 | 81.5% | 31 | 18.5% | 113 | 67.3% | 55 | 32.7% | ||
| Grade | ||||||||||||
| Fresher | 110 | 23.0% | 100 | 90.9% | 10 | 9.1% | 0.03 | 82 | 74.5% | 28 | 25.5% | 0.35 |
| Sophomore | 182 | 38.1% | 154 | 84.6% | 28 | 15.4% | Chi-square | 119 | 65.4% | 63 | 34.6% | Chi-square |
| Junior | 139 | 29.1% | 116 | 83.5% | 23 | 16.5% | 92 | 66.2% | 47 | 33.8% | ||
| Senior (4th/5th) and above | 47 | 9.8% | 34 | 72.3% | 13 | 27.7% | 30 | 63.8% | 17 | 36.2% | ||
| Family location | ||||||||||||
| Rural/County areas | 227 | 47.5% | 194 | 85.5% | 33 | 14.5% | 0.59 | 158 | 69.6% | 69 | 30.4% | 0.37 |
| City | 251 | 52.5% | 210 | 83.7% | 41 | 16.3% | Chi-square | 165 | 65.7% | 86 | 34.3% | Chi-square |
| Fear of being infected | ||||||||||||
| Very low | 186 | 38.9% | 169 | 90.9% | 17 | 9.1% | <0.001 | 140 | 75.3% | 46 | 24.7% | <0.001 |
| Low | 152 | 31.8% | 131 | 86.2% | 21 | 13.8% | Somer's d | 100 | 65.8% | 52 | 34.2% | Somer's d |
| Medium | 92 | 19.2% | 71 | 77.2% | 21 | 22.8% | 55 | 59.8% | 37 | 40.2% | ||
| High | 33 | 6.9% | 22 | 66.7% | 11 | 33.3% | 20 | 60.6% | 13 | 39.4% | ||
| Very high | 15 | 3.1% | 11 | 73.3% | 4 | 26.7% | 8 | 53.3% | 7 | 46.7% | ||
| Attitude to COVID-19 | ||||||||||||
| Very pessimistic | 30 | 6.3% | 24 | 80.0% | 6 | 20.0% | <0.001 | 17 | 56.7% | 13 | 43.3% | <0.001 |
| Pessimistic | 36 | 7.5% | 25 | 69.4% | 11 | 30.6% | Somer's d | 21 | 58.3% | 15 | 41.7% | Somer's d |
| Medium | 100 | 20.9% | 78 | 78.0% | 22 | 22.0% | 54 | 54.0% | 46 | 46.0% | ||
| Optimistic | 120 | 25.1% | 102 | 85.0% | 18 | 15.0% | 78 | 65.0% | 42 | 35.0% | ||
| Very optimistic | 192 | 40.2% | 175 | 91.1% | 17 | 8.9% | 153 | 79.7% | 39 | 20.3% | ||
| History of counseling | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 215 | 45.0% | 183 | 85.1% | 32 | 14.9% | 0.74 | 154 | 71.6% | 61 | 28.4% | 0.09 |
| No | 263 | 55.0% | 221 | 84.0% | 42 | 16.0% | Chi-square | 169 | 64.3% | 94 | 35.7% | Chi-square |
| Need for counseling | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 60 | 12.6% | 32 | 53.3% | 28 | 46.7% | 26 | 43.3% | 34 | 56.7% | ||
| No | 352 | 73.6% | 321 | 91.2% | 31 | 8.8% | 266 | 75.6% | 86 | 24.4% | ||
| Not sure | 66 | 13.8% | 51 | 77.3% | 15 | 22.7% | 31 | 47.0% | 35 | 53.0% | ||
Counseling here means psychological counseling received from school or from others. Somer's d was used to measure the consistency of ordered categories. Chi-square test was used to measure correlations between unordered categories.