TABLE 4.
Caffeine pharmacokinetic parameters of human volunteers before and after pre-treatment with the water extract of P. aniseum, P. crispum, A. pubescens, A. graveolens seeds, or A. graveolens flakes. The ± SD of the data is omitted for better display and comparison.
| Plant product name | n a | Tmax | Cmax | AUC0-inf | CL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H | µg/ml | µg/ml*h | ml/min | ||||||
| UT b | T b | UT | T | UT | T | UT | T | ||
| A. graveolens flakes | 4 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 50.1 | 52.2 | 73.5 | 67.7 |
| A. graveolens seeds | 6 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 42.9 | 48.2 | 91.3 | 74.7 |
| A. pubescens roots | 5 | 2.4 | 3.1 | 5.0 | 2.9 | 33.5 | 23.6 | 160.3 | 141.4 |
| P. crispum leaves | 4 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 53.0 | 73.1 | 78.0 | 56.3 |
| P. aniseum seeds | 6 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 6.5 | 5.4 | 55.8 | 54.0 | 77.9 | 76.4 |
a
n is the number of human volunteers in the study.
b
UT = untreaed human volunteers, T = human volunteers pretreated by an aqueous extract.