Global phylogenetic, resistome and phylogeographical characteristics of carbapenemase-hosting plasmid incompatibility types. The phylogenetic relationships between the various plasmids obtained in this study are shown in (a), with those bearing CTX-M and/or TEM ESBLs labelled with green text whilst those bearing OXA-181, OXA-48 and NDM-1/7 labelled with purple, blue and red text respectively; branches of the same clade have the same highlights. The resistomes of carbapenemase-bearing plasmids isolated worldwide are shown in (b) under various plasmid replicon types; the various plasmid types harbouring carbapenemases and associated resistance genes are also shown. The geographical distribution of the plasmid incompatibility groups is shown in (c), and it is evident that most of these plasmids were isolated from North America, Brazil, Columbia, Europe, South Africa, Kenya, the Middle East, South-East Asia and Australia.