Figure 4.

Low-vacuum scanning electron microscopic imaging of the patient with pathogenic mutation in NPHP1 (patient number 896) and without pathogenic mutations (patient number 669). Low-vacuum scanning electron microscope images for periodic acid–methenamine silver using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples (5-μm section). (a and b) Imaging of the patient with pathogenic mutation in NPHP1; b presents higher magnification images of a. The white arrow shows thick tubular basement membrane duplication. (c) imaging of the patient without pathogenic mutations. White bars = 20 μm.