Table 3.
Time domain analysis: studies evaluating ERP waveforms in BP-ED.
| References |
Sample (n) diagnostic |
Stimulus | Measures | ERP | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-eating disorder related Stimuli | |||||
| Otagaki et al. (1998) | AN = 28 BN = 24 HC = 40 (DSM-IV) |
Two-tone discrimination task (“oddball” paradigm) |
EAT-26; SDS; STAI; BIS-10 | P300 250-450 ms |
BN group exhibited a prolonged latency compared to HC |
| Kuehnpast et al. (2012) | BN = 13 HC = 13 (DSM-III/IV) |
Neutral, happy, fearful, and angry facial expressions | SCID | N170 120-180 ms |
BN group: reduced amplitudes for angry faces compared to HC |
| N2 190-260 ms |
Higher scores in depression were associated with more negative N200 amplitudes | ||||
| P300 270-500 ms |
BN group: Higher mean amplitudes compared with HC independent of emotional expression | ||||
| P300 300-650 ms |
BN group: Higher amplitude for distractor stimuli (P300a) and for targets (P300b) | ||||
| SW 350-800 ms |
BN group: Increased amplitude and shorter latency compared to HC | ||||
| Merlotti et al. (2013) | BN = 17 HC = 17 (DSM-IV-TR) |
Three-tone auditory oddball paradigm | ERP; SCID-I; BIS-11; EDI-2; BITE; WAIS-R | N2 200-350ms |
BN group: Reduced amplitude and shorter latency compared to HC |
| Blechert et al. (2011a) | AN = 20 BN = 20 HC = 28 (DSM-IV) |
Sentences eliciting body shape, weight, and typical eating concerns of ED patients | ERP; EDE; EDE-Q; BDI; RSE; MSES; SCID | N400 340-450ms |
BN group: Amplitudes higher (more negative) for incongruent conditions |
| Food Stimuli | |||||
| Svaldi et al. (2010) | BED = 22 GC = 22 (DSM-IV-TR) |
Food pictures (high- and low-calorie). | ERP; EDE; DEBQ | LPP 500-800ms |
BED group: Increased for high-calorie food pictures compared to GC. No differences between groups on low-calorie food pictures. |
| SPW 1000-6000ms |
BED group: Larger amplitudes compared to GC. BED group: Larger with high-calorie food pictures compared to GC. No significant group difference in response to low-calorie food pictures. |
||||
| Blechert et al. (2011b) | BN = 22 AN = 21 HC = 32 (DSM-IV) |
Food (high- and low-calorie) vs. non-food related images. | ERP; EDE; EDE-Q; STAI; BDI | EPN 220-310ms |
BN group: Higher for food pictures compared with neutral. No difference between high- and low-calorie categories. |
| Schienle et al. (2017) | EG = 36 (19 BED and 17 BED low frequency) HC = 38 (DSM-5) |
Food pictures (high- and low-calorie).Two groups: bitter or water condition | EDI; QADP; BAS | P200 150-200ms |
EG: Higher in both food picture categories in bitter condition compared with HC. |
| LPP 400-700ms |
EG: higher in both food categories in the bitter condition compared with HC. | ||||
| Wolz et al. (2017) | EG = 19 (BN =12; BED = 7) HC = 20 (DSM-5) |
Chocolate odor and pictures | FCCQ; DERS; YFAS; EDI-2; SCL-90-R | N2 180-350ms |
EG: higher amplitudes for chocolate pictures primed by chocolate odor compared to neutral odor. |
| LPP 300-1000ms |
No differences between HC and EG. | ||||
| Leehr et al. (2018) | OW+BED (n = 24) OW–BED (n = 23) NWC (n = 26) (DSM-IV) |
High-calorie food pictures and non-food pictures | BDI-II ASTS | N2 150-250ms |
Latencies were significantly larger in OW without BED compared with OW+BED individuals and NWC sample |
| ERN 0-150ms |
No differences in latencies and amplitudes | ||||
| Delgado-Rodríguez et al. (2019) | BN = 24 HC = 24 (DSM-5) |
Images of high-calorie foods, erotic couples, neutral objects, and unpleasant scenes | EAT; BITE; BDI; FCQ-t; FCQ-s; SHAPS; STAI | EPN 220-310ms |
No differences in latencies and amplitudes |
| LPP 500-800ms |
BN group exhibited a larger amplitude with binge food and erotic cues | ||||
| Body/shape stimuli | |||||
| Mai et al. (2015) | BN = 20 HC = 20 (DSM-IV) |
Body-related images (underweight, normal, and overweight) | ERP; SCID-I; RS; STAI; BDI-II; EDI-2 | N170 150-220ms |
No significant main or interaction effects on amplitude or latency |
| P200 180-270ms |
Both groups: Lowest amplitudes for underweight body stimuli compared to normal body stimuli BN group: Higher amplitude in response to overweight stimuli compared to normal body stimuli |
||||
| N2 250-350ms |
Both groups: Most pronounced amplitudes for underweight compared to normal and overweight body stimuli Only HC exhibited more negative N200 in response to underweight compared to normal and overweight body stimuli HC group: Significantly shorter latency compared to BN | ||||
| P3 350-450ms |
HC group: Higher amplitudes compared to BN to overweight and normal-body stimuli | ||||
| SW 500-900ms |
More positive for underweight body stimuli compared to overweight and normal. No differences between BN and HC | ||||
ASTS, State Mood Scale; BAS, Behavioral Activation Scale; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BES, Binge Eating Scale; BIS-10, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 10; BIS-11, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11; BITE, Bulimic Investigation Test Edinburgh; CG, control group; DEBQ, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire; DERS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; EAT, Eating Attitude Test; EAT-26, Eating Attitude Test 26; EDE, Eating Disorder Examination; EDE-Q, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; EDI, Eating Disorder Inventory; EDI-2, Eating Disorder Inventory-2; FCCQ, Food Chocolate-Craving Questionnaire; FCQ-s, Food Craving Questionnaire (state); FCQ-t, Food Craving Questionnaire (traits); HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HC, healthy control; OW, overweight; MSES, Multidimensional Self Esteem Scale; NR, not reported; QADP, Questionnaire for the Assessment of Disgust Proneness; RS, Restraint Scale; RSE, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM; SCL-90-R, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised; SHAPS, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale; SDS, Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; TAS, Toronto Alexithymia Scale; TFEQ, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire; WAIS-R, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – revised; YFAS, Yale Food Addiction Scale.