Table 4.

Risk factors from bivariate and multivariable models for MDR-TB among MDR- and non-MDR-TB patients by place of birth, United States, 2011–2016

	Bivariate models*			Multivariable models†
Risk factor and category	Non-US-born OR (95%CI)		US-born OR (95%CI)	Non-US-born aOR (95%CI)	US-born aOR (95%CI)
Age, years
≤14	0.9 (0.2–3.8)		5.9 (2.1–17.0)	1.0 (0.3–4.4)	4.9 (1.5–15.5)
15–44	2.9 (2.2–3.7)		3.6 (1.6–8.2)	2.4 (1.7–3.2)	3.2 (1.4–7.5)
45–64	1.5 (1.1–2.1)		2.9 (1.3–6.7)	1.6 (1.2–2.2)	3.1 (1.4–7.2)
≥65	Reference		Reference	Reference	Reference
Sex
Female	1.4 (1.2–1.6)		1.6 (1.0–2.5)	1.3 (1.0–1.5)
Male	Reference		Reference	Reference
Race/ethnicity
White	Reference		Reference	Reference	Reference
Black	0.4 (0.3–0.7)		0.9 (0.5–1.6)	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	0.9 (0.5–1.6)
Hispanic	0.3 (0.2–0.4)		1.5 (0.8–2.8)	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	1.3 (0.7–2.6)
Asian	0.6 (0.4–0.8)		5.0 (2.4–10.4)	0.5 (0.4–0.7)	2.7 (1.1–6.4)
Other	0.6 (0.4–1.0)		(0.6–3.7)	0.7 (0.3–1.3)	1.2 (0.5–3.3)
Years in the United States (non-US-born)
≤4	4.4 (3.3–5.8)			3.1 (2.3–4.4)
5–19	2.6 (1.9–3.5)			2.0 (1.4–2.7)
≥20	Reference			Reference
Homeless any time during the previous year
Yes	0.5 (0.3–1.1)		0.3 (0.1–1.0)
No	Reference		Reference
Excess alcohol use
Yes	0.6 (0.4–0.9)		0.7 (0.4–1.2)
No	Reference		Reference
Known contact of an MDR-TB patient
Yes		35.1 (19.7–62.5)	69.8 (26.9–180.9)	32.6 (14.6–72.6)	46.2 (16.3–130.7)
Missing			Reference	Reference	Reference
Previous TB disease
Yes		5.5 (4.4–6.8)	2.2 (1.0–4.9)	6.5 (5.1–8.3)	2.8 (1.2–6.1)
No		Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference
Recent transmission
Yes		0.7 (0.5–0.9)	0.6 (0.3–1.0)	0.6 (0.4–0.9)	0.4 (0.2–0.8)
No		Reference	Reference	Reference	Reference

^*P < 0.3.

^†P < 0.05.

MDR-TB = multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; aOR = adjusted OR.