. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Qual. 2021 Sep-Oct;36(5):297–303. doi: 10.1177/1062860620962572

Table 3.

Health System Estimated Labor Costs (2018 Dollars).

	System 1	System 2	System 3	System 4

Estimated total costs across study period (exclusive of practice facilitator costs)
25th percentile of wage distribution	63 474	30 023	46 953	30 965
50th percentile (median) wage distribution	78 818	37 829	58 700	39 038
75th percentile of wage distribution	91 642	47 398	67 748	45 531
Total costs by system versus clinic personnel^a
System level	44 318	15 422	58 700	24 047
Clinic level	34 500	22 407	0	14 991
Total costs by stage of Ql implementation^a
Planning	15 992	14 785	4991	8736
Maintenance—Year 1	35 037	1031 1	32 132	30 302
Maintenance—Year 2	27 789	12 733	21 577	0
Total costs by activity type^a
Managing QI implementation (strategic and operational planning)	33 742	1 1 745	21 742	29 110
Providing IT support	6260	7706	12 208	8052
Delivery activities (implementing the strategic plan in clinic flow)	30 312	1 1 410	24 390	1877
Managing Ql dissemination and reporting (assuring activities are implemented and goals are met; oversight and reporting)	8504	6968	361	0

Abbreviations: IT, information technology; Ql, quality improvement.

Costs estimated using median wage rate assumption.