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. 2021 May 13;7(1):e12169. doi: 10.1002/trc2.12169

TABLE 3.

Main results: effects of time on dementia risk factors from October 2019 to April‐June 2020 adjusted for age, gender, work status, cohabitation, and residential remoteness (​model 2a)

T1 (October 2019) T2 (April‐May 2020) Model 2aa
Continuous variables n M 95% CI n M 95% CI SMD P
Alcoholc 1474 3.05 2.85 3.27 1571 3.34 3.11 3.57 ‐0.07 <0.001
BMIc 1506 26.24 26.02 26.47 1659 26.38 26.14 26.62 ‐0.03 0.008
MIND diet 1653 9.46 9.38 9.53 1284 9.81 9.72 9.89 0.22 <0.001
LSNS Total 1671 44.83 44.25 45.42 1671 43.95 43.95 45.09 ‐0.03 0.075
‐LSNS Friends network 1671 16.75 16.48 17.01 1671 16.33 16.07 16.59 ‐0.08 <0.001
‐LSNS Relatives network 1671 18.28 18.01 18.54 1671 18.32 18.08 18.56 0.01 0.568
‐LSNS Neighbors Network 1671 9.81 9.53 10.09 1671 9.87 9.59 10.15 0.01 0.527
Cognitive activity 1659 33.29 33.03 33.55 1646 33.75 33.49 34.00 0.09 <0.001
Depressionc 1671 2.07 1.97 2.17 1671 2.05 1.95 2.16 ‐0.01 0.593
Anxiety 1671 5.56 5.39 5.73 1671 4.88 4.72 5.04 ‐0.20 <0.001
Physical activityc 1570 1634.87 1563.11 1709.93 1668 1934.93 1858.43 2014.57 0.19 <0.001
Categorical variablesb n % 95% CI n % 95% CI SMD p
Cholesterol management 1653 17.00 15.25 18.90 1665 14.05 12.45 15.82 ‐0.12 0.002
Diabetes management 1609 16.09 14.39 17.95 1628 10.44 9.04 12.02 ‐0.27 <0.001
Smoking 1628 3.12 2.37 4.09 1629 2.52 1.85 3.41 ‐0.12 0.020
Blood pressure management 1621 6.49 5.39 7.79 1625 5.72 4.69 6.96 0.07 0.275

aModel 2a:adjusted main effect of time.

bProportion of sample meeting criteria for high‐risk behavior.

cln(x+1) transformed.

Variables: Alcohol, number of standard drinks per week; BMI, body mass index = [weight (kilograms)/height (meters) 2]; MIND diet, adherence to the Mediterranean‐DASH diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet excluding wine consumption, sum of scores (0, 0.5, or 1) for each category; LSNS, Lubben Social Networks Scale and subscales; Cognitive activity, summed frequency of 11 different cognitive activities; Anxiety and Depression, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Physical activity, sum of metabolic equivalent of tasks (METs) for walking, moderate, and vigorous activity; Inattention to cholesterol, low risk behavior = no diagnosis and regular check‐ups, or with diagnosis that is monitored and managed; high risk behavior = diagnosed but no regular check‐ups and/or insufficient management, or no diagnosis but no regular check‐ups; Inattention to diabetes, diagnosis of diabetes, having check‐ups, and management were assessed. Low and high‐risk behavior were assigned as for cholesterol; Smoking, low risk = do not smoke, high risk = smokers (any frequency); Inattention to blood pressure, diagnosis of hypertension, having check‐ups, and management were assessed. Low and high‐risk behavior were assigned as for cholesterol.