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. 2021 Apr 29;12:651592. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.651592

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Copyright © 2021 Sun, Yu, Yang, Ren, Qiao, Ni, Wang, Zhao, Chen, Xiang, Chen, Gao, Yang, Lin, Kober and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Examples of patients who had subtle FLAWS+ region revealed only under the guidance of the MAP+ region. Both patients were seizure-free after surgery. The FLAWS+ and MAP+ region was concordance with resection. The crosshairs indicate the same coordinate between different images. The red arrows indicate the FLAWS+ or MAP+ region. Upper, left: registered FLAWS image; right: junction map of MAP. Lower, left T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) image; middle: registered T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) image; right: registered postsurgical CT indicating the site and extent of resection. (A) belongs to the “strictly nonlesional” subgroup, MAP guided FLAWS+ region in the temporal lobe; the junction file shows the suprathreshold region in the temporal lobe; FLAWS image shows subtle blurring of gray matter and white matter transition as well as abnormal subcortical white matter intensity. (B) belongs to the “subtly lesional” subgroup, MAP guided FLAWS+ region in the parietal lobe; the junction file shows the suprathreshold region in the parietal lobe; FLAWS image shows very subtle blurring of gray matter and white matter transition. Pathology: (A) FCD Ib; (B) FCD Ia.