Table 3.
Anatomical characteristics of Cyperus laevigatus collected from different ecological regions of Punjab.
| Har | Khu | Jha | PA | KK | Sah | F-ratio | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root Anatomy | |||||||
| Root thickness (µm) | 261.4 cd | 310.5c | 449.3bc | 473.9b | 620.9a | 433.0bc | 81.2*** |
| Epidermal thickness (µm) | 16.3a | 15.5ab | 6.5 cd | 8.9c | 15.5ab | 12.2b | 72.8*** |
| Cortical thickness (µm) | 98.0 cd | 106.2c | 196.1ab | 204.2ab | 1253.3a | 179.7b | 162.5*** |
| Cortical cell area (µm2) | 288.8e | 209.6f | 504.9c | 629.7a | 440.9d | 587.7b | 85.9*** |
| Endodermal thickness (µm) | 7.3d | 4.1f | 8.9b | 6.5e | 9.8a | 8.2c | 18.5*** |
| Metaxylem area (µm2) | 94.7d | 47.5de | 210.1c | 334.9b | 551.0a | 199.6c | 196.3*** |
| Vascular region thickness (µm) | 15.5d | 23.7c | 17.9 cd | 34.3b | 44.9a | 31.9bc | 554.0*** |
| Aerenchymatous area (µm2) | 2311.1c | 2646.7bc | 3150.2b | 0 | 4618.7a | 0 | 140.6*** |
| Stem Anatomy | |||||||
| Stem thickness (µm) | 547.4 cd | 637.3bc | 580.1c | 612.7bc | 645.4b | 743.5a | 22.7*** |
| Epidermal thickness (µm) | 12.2b | 10.6bc | 8.2 cd | 17.1a | 15.5ab | 8.9c | 58.1*** |
| Cortical cell area (µm2) | 2014.3b | 1410.1de | 1783.5c | 1636.6 cd | 2360.4a | 1516.5d | 96.3*** |
| Vascular bundle area (µm2) | 1038.8d | 752.9e | 734.6ef | 2403.4b | 1737.3c | 2634.2a | 630.3*** |
| Metaxylem area (µm2) | 58.0b | 59.1b | 75.9a | 44.4c | 68.5ab | 52.3bc | 2.9NS |
| Sclerenchyma thickness (µm) | 8.9f | 20.4b | 23.7a | 17.9c | 15.5d | 11.4e | 136.80*** |
| Chlorenchyma thickness (µm) | 25.3bc | 23.7c | 20.4 cd | 38.4ab | 42.5a | 32.7b | 346.40*** |
| Stomatal area (µm2) | 419.9e | 629.7c | 797.5b | 588.8d | 918.1a | 920.8a | 75.85*** |
| Stomatal density | 14.7c | 11.7 cd | 19.7b | 16.7bc | 18bc | 27a | 34.35*** |
| Bract Anatomy | 650.9a | 160.7d | 294.1bc | 291.4bc | 253.3c | 422.1b |
187.7*** |
| Bract thickness (µm) | |||||||
| Epidermal thickness (µm) | 11.2c | 8.4d | 16.6ab | 17.9a | 16.3ab | 15.2b | 23.9*** |
| Cortical cell area (µm2) | 1007.3b | 639.1 cd | 818.5c | 734.6bc | 755.6bc | 2242.4a | 473.1*** |
| Vascular bundle area (µm) | 671.6e | 1442.6ab | 1463.6a | 760.8d | 1091.2c | 1321.9b | 147.2*** |
| Metaxylem area (µm2) | 26.0 cd | 50.7ab | 52.3a | 29.7c | 10.8d | 42.3b | 10.4*** |
| Chlorenchyma thickness (µm) | 21.3c | 22.7c | 18.4d | 38.5a | 28.4b | 29.7b | 11.4*** |
| Aerenchyma area (µm2) | 3410.4ab | 3092.5b | 4041.8a | 2835.6c | 1765.7d | 0 | 57.7*** |
| Leaf Sheath Anatomy | 85.8 cd | 73.5d | 163.4a | 89.9c | 130.7b | 81.7 cd | 55.72*** |
| Leaf sheath thickness (µm) | |||||||
| Upper epidermal thickness (µm) | 8.9e | 15.5b | 12.2d | 14.7c | 16.3a | 8.2ef | 53.70*** |
| Lower epidermal thickness (µm) | 12.2c | 14.7b | 8.9de | 9.8d | 16.3a | 7.3e | 54.50*** |
| Cortical Cell Area (µm2) | 503.8a | 231.1 cd | 219.6d | 262.6c | 283.5bc | 385.8b | 53.71*** |
| Aerenchyma Area (µm2) | 3543.6 cd | 3674.7c | 10073.0a | 4199.1bc | 5772.5b | 2206.2d | 112.78*** |
| Vascular bundle area (µm2) | 472.4d | 903.5c | 1564.3a | 1070.2bc | 866.7 cd | 1101.7b | 173.77*** |
| Metaxylem area (µm2) | 10.8f | 16.1e | 42.3b | 52.8a | 26.0d | 33.4c | 11.94*** |
Means sharing similar letters in each row are statistically not significant.
* = Significant at p < 0.05, ** = significant at p < 0.01, *** = significant at p < 0.001, NS = not significant.