Table 1. Baseline Participant Characteristics Divided by Birth History and Blood Pressure Subgroups.
| Characteristic | Preterm-born adults, mean (SD) | P valuea | Term-born adults, mean (SD) | P valueb | P valuec | P valued | P valuee | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NT (n = 139) | HT (n = 61) | NT (n = 205) | HT (n = 63) | ||||||
| Demographics and anthropometrics | |||||||||
| Age, y | 25.4 (3.95) | 26.4 (3.84) | .12 | 26.1 (4.41) | 27.8 (4.93) | .01 | .13 | .001 | .10 |
| Male, No. (%) | 56 (40.3) | 35 (57.4) | .03 | 94 (45.9) | 42 (66.7) | .005 | .32 | .002 | .35 |
| Female, No. (%) | 83 (59.7) | 26 (42.6) | 111 (54.1) | 21 (33.3) | |||||
| Height, cm | 169 (9.69) | 172 (10.85) | .62 | 173 (9.24) | 176 (8.60) | .53 | <.001 | .001 | .01 |
| Weight, kg | 67.1 (13.09) | 74.1 (13.11) | .01 | 70.4 (12.41) | 78.7 (13.04) | .002 | .05 | <.001 | .14 |
| BMI, | 23.5 (3.62) | 25.1 (3.75) | .008 | 23.5 (3.23) | 25.4 (3.55) | .002 | .69 | .009 | .97 |
| Birth weight, g | 1600 (606) | 1692 (687) | .39 | 3429 (410) | 3499 (464) | .23 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Birth weight, z score | −0.23 (1.01) | −0.34 (1.14) | .44 | 0.10 (0.84) | 0.05 (1.04) | .72 | .001 | .05 | .04 |
| Gestational age, wk | 31.17 (2.99) | 31.77 (2.99) | .17 | 39.50 (1.11) | 39.86 (1.20) | .05 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 |
| <28 wk, No. (%) | 14 (10.1) | 7 (11.5) | .67 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 28-31 wk, No. (%) | 55 (39.6) | 19 (31.1) | .13 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 32-36 wk, No. (%) | 70 (50.4) | 35 (57.4) | .23 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Biochemistry | |||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 182.2 (36.7) | 174.9 (46.3) | .30 | 170.3 (35.5) | 177.6 (40.9) | .39 | .001 | .56 | .74 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 59.1 (14.3) | 54.1 (13.5) | .13 | 56.4 (13.5) | 52.5 (12.4) | .53 | .13 | .13 | .97 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 107.3 (27.8) | 106.6 (35.9) | .67 | 97.7 (28.2) | 108.9 (35.5) | .12 | <.001 | .96 | .93 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 44.0 (33.6) | 54.8 (43.6) | .13 | 36.3 (22.0) | 44.8 (24.7) | .09 | .005 | .85 | .06 |
| High-sensitivity CRP, mg/dL | 0.21 (0.40) | 0.16 (0.25) | .38 | 0.15 (0.33) | 0.19 (0.29) | .39 | .15 | .54 | .43 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 88.5 (2.70) | 91.2 (6.67) | .07 | 85.6 (8.11) | 91.0 (7.93) | .001 | .001 | .36 | .41 |
| Insulin, uIU/mL | 7.62 (4.64) | 7.92 (3.97) | .32 | 5.92 (4.24) | 9.70 (10.67) | .001 | .001 | .07 | .34 |
| HOMA-B (%) | 99.1 (34.92) | 95.6 (31.95) | .79 | 91.4 (29.51) | 99.7 (40.38) | .15 | .10 | .38 | .59 |
| HOMA-S (%) | 128.0 (56.35) | 115.9 (44.86) | .05 | 166 (71.83) | 124 (64.34) | .001 | <.001 | .41 | .37 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.82 (0.33) | 0.88 (0.32) | .14 | 0.71 (0.34) | 0.94 (0.44) | .002 | .01 | .07 | .67 |
| Brachial blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||||
| Resting systolic | 115.6 (7.33) | 133.0 (9.99) | NA | 113.7 (8.15) | 131.6 (8.50) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Resting diastolic | 69.4 (5.43) | 80.8 (7.57) | NA | 68.5 (6.04) | 82.4 (7.36) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment; HT, hypertensive; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NA, not applicable; NT, normotensive.
a
Preterm-born NT vs preterm-born HT.
b
Term-born NT vs term-born HT.
c
Preterm-born NT vs term-born NT.
d
Preterm-born NT vs term-born HT.
e
Preterm-born HT vs term-born HT.