Table 2. Multivariable Subdistribution Hazards Models for Cancer Death and Noncancer Death.
| Characteristic | Subdistribution, hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer death | Noncancer death | |
| Age, y | ||
| 70-74 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 75-79 | 1.33 (1.28-1.38) | 1.45 (1.39-1.52) |
| 80-84 | 1.66 (1.59-1.73) | 2.00 (1.92-2.09) |
| ≥85 | 2.06 (1.96-2.16) | 3.02 (2.89-3.17) |
| Preoperative frailty | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 1.27 (1.21-1.34) | 1.64 (1.57-1.72) |
| Age-preoperative frailty interaction (frailty vs no frailty by age category), y | ||
| 70-74 | 1.43 (1.28-1.62) | 1.98 (1.76-2.22) |
| 75-79 | 1.33 (1.20-1.47) | 1.75 (1.59-1.92) |
| 80-84 | 1.21 (1.09-1.34) | 1.63 (1.50-1.77) |
| ≥85 | 1.20 (1.08-1.33) | 1.46 (1.35-1.59) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Female | 0.90 (0.87-0.93) | 0.79 (0.76-0.82) |
| Residence | ||
| Urban | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Rural | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | 1.06 (1.01-1.11) |
| Material deprivation | ||
| First (highest) | 1.13 (1.08-1.19) | 1.18 (1.13-1.24) |
| Second | 1.09 (1.04-1.14) | 1.09 (1.04-1.15) |
| Third | 1.06 (1.01-1.11) | 1.06 (1.01-1.11) |
| Fourth | 1.02 (0.98-1.07) | 1.05 (1.01-1.11) |
| Fifth (lowest) | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Preoperative frailty | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 1.27 (1.21-1.34) | 1.64 (1.57-1.72) |
| Cancer type | ||
| Breast | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Bronchopulmonary | 4.69 (4.40-5.01) | 1.23 (1.16-1.31) |
| Gastrointestinal | 3.67 (3.48-3.87) | 0.99 (0.95-1.04) |
| Genitourinary | 2.76 (2.56-2.98) | 0.86 (0.80-0.92) |
| Gynecologic | 3.01 (2.82-3.21) | 0.99 (0.93-1.05) |
| Oropharyngeal | 3.88 (3.39-4.43) | 1.21 (1.05-1.39) |
| Melanoma | 2.34 (2.14-2.57) | 0.96 (0.89-1.04) |
| Time of diagnosis | ||
| 2007-2011 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| 2012-2017 | 0.47 (0.45-0.48) | 1.49 (1.45-1.54) |
| Perioperative therapy | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Yes | 1.77 (1.71-1.84) | 0.83 (0.81-0.87) |