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Established driver genes of gliomagenesis constitute a complex ceRNET; especially the ceRNAs for PTEN are shown (Sumazin et al., 2011). Through shared miRNA, the six cancer driver genes including PTEN, RB1, STAT3, PDGFRA, RUNX1, and VEGFA regulate each other. At the same time, other genes constitute a subnetwork and interact with PTEN. The dotted arrows represent activation, and the lines with blunt ends indicate inhibition.
