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. 2021 Apr 29;12:642065. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642065

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Copyright © 2021 Mancin, Lourenco, Bermann, Mantovani and Misztal.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Manhattan plots for the large population of dairy cattle when sires had an average of ten daughters. The association methods used were single-SNP analysis without correction for population structure (SSA-NoCor), efficient mixed-model association expedited (EMMAX), single-step GWAS (ssGWAS), and genomic best linear unbiased prediction GWAS (GBLUP-GWAS). Significant SNPs are indicated in red, whereas vertical bars indicate the position of the simulated quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN). The darker the vertical bar, the stronger QTN effect. The blue horizontal line corresponds to the rejection threshold based on a significance level of 0.05 with a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.