Live-cell imaging of GFP-VirB and controls in a pINV-cured strain of S. flexneri carrying a plasmid bearing a 25-bp VirB binding site or empty (“no-site”) binding tool control. Representative merged cell images of pINV-cured S. flexneri carrying pJNS22 (25-bp VirB-binding site) or pJNS24 (“no site” control) with either GFP-VirB, GFP-VirB K152E/R167E, GFP, or an empty plasmid control are shown (GFP, 45.1-ms exposure; GFP-VirB and empty, 297.6-ms exposure). Bars, 1 μm.