Table 1.
Epidemiological, clinical, sport and training characteristics of all athlete’s tendinopathy cases and controls (N = 270)
| Variables | Control (N = 135) |
Tendinopathy (N = 135) |
P-valuea,b | Unadjusted OR (CI 95%) |
Adjusted ORb (CI 95%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | |||||
| Height (centimeters)d | |||||
| ≤ 166 | 36 (26.9) | 34 (25.2) | 0.75 | 1c | 1c |
| 167 – 175 | 38 (28.4) | 40 (29.6) | 1.11 (0.58 – 2.13) | 0.91 (0.35 – 1.56) | |
| 176 – 181 | 29 (21.6) | 25 (18.5) | 0.91 (0.45 – 1.86) | 0.66 (0.52 – 2.00) | |
| ≥ 182 | 31 (23.1) | 36 (26.7) | 1.23 (0.63 – 2.40) | 0.90 (0.44 – 1.83) | |
| BMI (Kg/m2)e | |||||
| < 25 | 87 (65.4) | 73 (54.5) | 0.04 | 1c | 1c |
| 25 – 29.99 | 41 (30.8) | 49 (36.6) | 1.42 (0.35 – 2.39) | 1.44 (0.85 – 2.46) | |
| ≥ 30 | 5 (3.8) | 12 (8.9) | 2.86 (0.93 – 2.50) | 3.65 (1.20 – 11.16) | |
| Level of schoolingf | |||||
| Middle school | 6 (4.5) | 3 (2.2) | 0.49 | 1c | 1c |
| High school | 60 (45.1) | 56 (41.5) | 1.87 (0.44 – 7.82) | 1.80 (0.39 – 8.31) | |
| University education | 67 (50.4) | 76 (56.3) | 2.27 (0.55 – 9.43) | 2.19 (0.48 – 10.02) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| No | 53 (39.3) | 44 (32.6) | 0.36 | 1c | 1c |
| Yes | 82 (60.7) | 91 (67.4) | 1.38 (0.81 – 2.20) | 1.27 (0.76 – 2.14) | |
| Smokingd | |||||
| No | 125 (93.3) | 122 (90.4) | 0.38 | 1c | 1c |
| Yes | 9 (6.7) | 13 (9.6) | 1.48 (0.61 – 3.59) | 0.44 (0.57 – 3.59) | |
| Nutritional follow-up | |||||
| No | 78 (57.8) | 52 (38.5) | 0.001 | 1c | 1c |
| Yes | 57 (42.2) | 83 (61.5) | 2.18 (1.34 – 3.55) | 2.31 (1.40 – 3.80) | |
| Side of dominance | |||||
| Right | 110 (81.5) | 104 (77.0) | 0.27 | 1c | 1c |
| Left | 11 (8.1) | 20 (14.8) | 1.92 (0.88 – 4.21) | 1.67 (0.74 – 3.76) | |
| Bilateral | 14 (10.4) | 11 (8.2) | 0.83 (0.36 –1.91) | 0.69 (0.29 – 1.63) | |
| Coachd | |||||
| Certified athletic trainer | 92 (68.1) | 81 (60.4) | 0.54 | 1c | 1c |
| Former professional athlete | 31 (23.0) | 34 (25.4) | 1.25 (0.70 – 2.20) | 1.20 (0.66 – 2.17) | |
| Both | 12 (8.9) | 19 (14.2) | 1.80 (0.82 – 3.93) | 1.53 (0.68 – 3.46) | |
| Age at the beginning of sport practice (years)d | |||||
| ≤ 10 | 41 (30.3) | 41 (30.6) | 0.80 | 1c | 1c |
| 11 – 14 | 32 (23.7) | 29 (21.6) | 0.91 (0.47 – 1.76) | 0.97 (0.48 – 1.95) | |
| 15 – 19 | 31 (23.0) | 37 (27.6) | 1.19 (0.63 – 2.27) | 1.33 (0.66 – 2.66) | |
| ≥ 20 | 31 (23.0) | 27 (20.1) | 0.87 (0.44 – 1.71) | 0.99 (0.48 – 2.04) | |
| Years of trainingd | |||||
| ≤ 5 | 49 (36.3) | 38 (28.4) | 0.84 | 1c | 1c |
| 6 – 8 | 25 (18.5) | 27 (20.1) | 1.39 (0.70 – 2.77) | 1.28 (0.63 – 2.61) | |
| 9 – 12 | 32 (23.7) | 35 (26.1) | 1.41 (0.74 – 2.67) | 1.29 (0.65 – 2.57) | |
| ≥ 13 | 29 (21.5) | 34 (25.4) | 1,51 (0.79 – 2.90) | 1.28 (0.65 – 2.52) | |
| Weekly training hours | |||||
| ≤ 7 | 38 (28.1) | 32 (23.7) | 0.46 | 1c | 1c |
| 8 – 12 | 49 (36.3) | 38 (28.1) | 0.92 (0.49 – 1.73) | 0.86 (0.44 – 1.68) | |
| 13 – 17 | 22 (16.3) | 24 (17.8) | 1.29 (0.61 – 2.73) | 1.22 (0.56 – 2.66) | |
| ≥ 18 | 26 (19.3) | 41 (30.4) | 1.87 (0.95 – 3.70) | 1.45 (0.70 – 2.99) | |
OR Odds ratio; CI confidence interval. aP-value ≤ 0.05 was obtained through the Chi-squared Test (Pearson p-value) or Fisher’s exact test. bOR adjusted by BMI and nutritional follow-up. cReference value. dInformation was obtained from 269 athletes. eInformation was obtained from 267 athletes. fInformation was obtained from 268 athletes.