TABLE 1.

Primers used for qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and ARGs

Gene target	Size of PCR product (bp)	Annealing temp (°C)	Extension time (s)	Position	Forward or reverse primer (5′→3′)	Reference
16S rRNA gene	124	55	5	1369–1492	CGGTGAATACGTTCYCGG	53
GGWTACCTTGTTACGACTT
sul1	162	71	7	133–295	CGCACCGGAAACATCGCTGCAC	54
TGAAGTTCCGCCGCAAGGCTCG
tet(W)	167	61	7	161–328	GAGAGCCTGCTATATGCCAGC	55
GGGCGTATCCACAATGTTAAC
intI1	67	66	5	737–803	TCGTGCGTCGCCATCACA	56
GCTTGTTCTACGGCACGTTTGA