Table 1. Baseline and procedural characteristics of the study population.
| TIRFI Group | Stable Renal Function Group | AKI Group | Overall | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 197) | (n = 177) | (n = 203) | (n = 577) | P value a | |
| Clinical data | |||||
| Age, years | 81.3 ± 7.1 | 81.7 ± 7.2 | 82.6 ± 6.2 | 81.3 ± 6.8 | 0.14 |
| Male sex | 105 (53.3) | 111 (62.7) | 108 (53.2) | 324 (56.2) | 0.10 |
| NYHA class III/IV | 166 (84.3) | 146 (82.5) | 169 (83.3) | 481 (83.4) | 0.89 |
| Diabetes | 55 (27.9) | 59 (33.3) | 69 (34.0) | 183 (31.7) | 0.36 |
| Hypertension | 149 (75.6) | 117 (66.1) | 164 (80.8) | 430 (74.5) | 0.004 b |
| COPD | 38 (19.3) | 36 (20.3) | 37 (18.8) | 111 (19.2) | 0.87 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 41 (20.8) | 50 (22.8) | 47 (23.2) | 138 (23.9) | 0.23 |
| CAD | 110 (55.8) | 118 (66.7) | 123 (60.6) | 351 (60.8) | 0.10 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 35 (17.8) | 26 (14.7) | 35 (17.2) | 96 (16.6) | 0.69 |
| Previous CABG | 40 (20.3) | 44 (24.9) | 36 (17.7) | 120 (20.8) | 0.22 |
| STS score, % | 10.9 ± 8.4 | 10.2 ± 7.2 | 10.6 ± 8.1 | 10.6 ± 7.9 | 0.67 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 37.3 ± 12.5 | 39.6 ± 11.7 | 40.2 ± 12.3 | 39.1 ± 12.2 | 0.043 c |
| Diuretics | 130 (66.0) | 105 (59.3) | 134 (66.0) | 369 (64.0) | 0.30 |
| ACE inhibitors or ARB | 109 (55.3) | 80 (45.2) | 108 (53.2) | 297 (51.5) | 0.12 |
| Beta-blockers | 77 (39.1) | 68 (38.4) | 75 (36.9) | 220 (38.1) | 0.90 |
| Statin | 117 (59.4) | 101 (57.1) | 128 (63.1) | 346 (60.0) | 0.48 |
| Echocardiographic data | |||||
| LVEF, % | 56.8 ± 15.5 | 57.2 ± 16.0 | 58.4 ± 15.3 | 57.5 ± 15.6 | 0.54 |
| Mean transaortic gradient, mmHg | 49.8 ± 16.5 | 46.5 ± 15.9 | 48.1 ± 15.8 | 48.2 ± 16.1 | 0.15 |
| AVA, cm2 | 0.68 ± 0.22 | 0.66 ± 0.17 | 0.66 ± 0.17 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.55 |
| Procedural data | |||||
| Access site | 0.12 | ||||
| Transfemoral approach | 188 (95.4) | 167 (94.4) | 184 (90.6) | 539 (93.4) | |
| Other | 9 (4.6) | 10 (5.6) | 19 (9.4) | 38 (6.6) | |
| Prosthesis type | 0.80 | ||||
| Corevalve | 147 (74.6) | 128 (72.3) | 151 (74.4) | 426 (73.8) | |
| Sapien XT | 46 (23.4) | 43 (24.3) | 44 (21.6) | 133 (23.1) | |
| Inovare | 4 (2.0) | 6 (3.4) | 8 (3.9) | 18 (3.1) | |
| Contrast media volume, mL | 188 ± 120 | 186 ± 101 | 181 ± 91 | 185 ± 105 | 0.86 |
| Period of TAVR procedure | 0.15 | ||||
| T1 (2008–2010) | 35 (17.8) | 23 (13.0) | 42 (20.7) | 100 (17.3) | |
| T2 (2011–2013) | 112 (56.9) | 118 (66.7) | 122 (60.1) | 352 (61.0) | |
| T3 (2014–2015) | 50 (25.4) | 36 (20.3) | 39 (19.2) | 125 (21.7) | |
Values are n (%) or mean (± SD).
a Represents significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between TIRF, stable and AKI groups.
b Significant difference (P<0.05) between to stable and AKI groups.
c Significant difference (P<0.05) between TIRFI and AKI groups.
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AKI, acute kidney injury; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AVA, aortic valve area; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons; T, tertile; TIRFI, TAVR induced renal function improvement.